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The Arboretum Waterway, located on the University of California, Davis campus, suffers from poor water quality. The stagnation and high nutrient loading of the water body results in low dissolved oxygen concentrations and uncontrollable eutrophication. Sediment Oxygen Demand (SOD) contributes to about half of the Total Oxygen Demand (TOD) of the Waterway. In this study, sediment was collected from four separate locations along the Arboretum Waterway and tested for SOD. The sediment was collected and incubated in BOD bottles. The dissolved oxygen concentration was measured before and after incubation. The gradual increase in oxygen depletion was monitored and the SOD was calculated and graphed. The SOD in the Arboretum Waterway can be attributed to the large concentrations of organics in the sediment due to stormwater runoff and decaying debris. These organics demand large concentrations of dissolved oxygen. The Waterway is a stagnant body, which does not allow mixing, which results in low dissolved oxygen concentrations, even without the SOD.
"In response to the identified need to better understand the role of sediments on estuarine water quality, a research partnership between the Department of Water and Geoscience Australia was established. The inventory of dissolved nutrients and the organic matter content in the sediments, the rate of nutrient release and the rate of oxygen consumption by sediments have all been studied. A report entitled Sediment water interaction in the Swan River Estuary (Smith et al. 2007) documents the findings of the Geoscience Australia surveys between 2000 and 2006 and focuses on the lower/central region of the estuary from Armstrong Spit to the confluence of Bennett Rock. This report documents the findings of three surveys from 2006-2009 focussing on sites upstream of Ron Courtney Island in the upper reaches of the estuary." --p. 1.
Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.