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Iron and manganese were installed as state variables in a previously developed sediment diagenesis model. The comprehensive model now incorporates nutrients, oxygen and sulfide, and iron and manganese. The model was initially calibrated using long-term mesocosm data The mesocosms contained water and sediments removed from Narragansett Sound, an estuarine environment Validation of the model was conducted using in situ data from two freshwater systems, Onondaga Lake and Croton Reservoir.
Presents mathematical models for estimating and predicting sediment fluxes. * Models provide sufficient detail and data to enable scientists in the field to reproduce the computations and use the models for understanding their own data. * Provides computations directly applicable to developing modern water quality models. * All models have been calibrated and verified using three large data sets.
Iron and manganese are installed as state variables in a previously developed benthic sediment model. Initial emphasis is placed on manganese because of availability of observations. Mass-balance and chemical equilibrium equations for manganese in benthic sediments are presented. The model is tested in steady-state and time-variable mode against observations collected in Long Island Sound and Narragansett Bay. The initial model captures seasonal trends in sediment manganese release, although the magnitude of seasonal variability is underestimated. Improvement of the model through representation of manganese carbonate solubility is recommended. Iron, Model, Manganese, Sediments.
The processes occurring in surface marine sediments have a profound effect on the local and global cycling of many elements. This graduate text presents the fundamentals of marine sediment geochemistry by examining the complex chemical, biological, and physical processes that contribute to the conversion of these sediments to rock, a process known as early diagenesis. Research over the past three decades has uncovered the fact that the oxidation of organic matter deposited in sediment acts as a causative agent for many early diagenetic changes. Summarizing and discussing these findings and providing a much-needed update to Robert Berner's Early Diagenesis: A Theoretical Approach, David J. Burdige describes the ways to quantify geochemical processes in marine sediment. By doing so, he offers a deeper understanding of the cycling of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, along with important metals such as iron and manganese. No other book presents such an in-depth look at marine sediment geochemistry. Including the most up-to-date research, a complete survey of the subject, explanatory text, and the most recent mathematical formulations that have contributed to our greater understanding of early diagenesis, Geochemistry of Marine Sediments will interest graduate students of geology, geochemistry, and oceanography, as well as the broader community of earth scientists. It is poised to become the standard text on the subject for years to come.
A derivative of the Encyclopedia of Inland Waters, Biogeochemistry of Inland Waters examines the transformation, flux and cycling of chemical compounds in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, combining aspects of biology, ecology, geology, and chemistry. Because the articles are drawn from an encyclopedia, they are easily accessible to interested members of the public, such as conservationists and environmental decision makers. This derivative text describes biogeochemical cycles of organic and inorganic elements and compounds in freshwater ecosystems