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The purpose of the current study is to explore secondary traumatic stress as it pertains to child welfare supervisors. Previous studies have found that child welfare workers suffer from high levels of secondary traumatic stress that negatively impacts their quality of life (Adams, Boscarino & Figley 2006; Bride, 2007; Conrad & Kellar-Gunther, 2006; Cornille & Meyers 1999; Van Hook & Rothenburg 2009), and additional studies have shown that supportive supervision acts as a protective factor for those at risk for developing secondary traumatic stress (Anderson, 2000; Badger et al., 2008; Dekel & Nuttman-Shwartz, 2009; DePanfilis and Zlotnik, 2008; Dickason and Perry, 2002; Finklestein, Boyas, & Wind, 2010; He, Phillips, Lizano, Rienks, & Leake, 2018; McDaniel & Slack, 2005; Slattery & Goodman, 2009; Stein, Greene, Bronstein, & Solomon, 2015; Strand & Dore, 2009). However, there is little research focused on how child welfare supervisors are affected by secondary trauma, and how that trauma impacts their quality of life and subsequently, their ability to provide supportive supervision to the child welfare workers they supervise. It is hypothesized that child welfare supervisors also suffer from traumatic stress, which has a negative impact on their quality of life. A quantitative research approach utilizing electronic surveys was employed to explore this phenomenon. The surveys were sent to supervisors in four different regional offices in the Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services. Participation was voluntary and anonymous. Two scales were utilized to collect and analyze data; the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) developed by Beth Hudnall Stamm (2005), and the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), developed by Bride, Robinson, Yegidis & Figley (2004). Three additional qualitative short answer sections were included. The study found that secondary traumatic stress negatively impacts the personal and professional quality of life of a great number of supervisors. Further, a significant relationship was found in regard to Secondary Traumatic Stress and Compassion Satisfaction. As levels of Secondary Traumatic Stress increased, levels of Compassion Satisfaction decreased. These findings were consistent, and not affected by the number of years on the job, number of years as a supervisor, or education level.
Becoming a child welfare professional should come with a warning: "beware - this may change you forever and can be dangerous." The change, however, may be good if you can learn to cope with the stress of the work and grow from the experience. Secondary Traumatic Stress and the Child Welfare Professional, a first-of-its kind book, presents the tools to help child welfare practitioners and agency managers identify and provide practical and appropriate interventions. This book is based on the authors' ten-year study of over 600 child welfare practitioners' experience with traumatic stress and child welfare.
Developing an Empirically Based Practice Initiative documents practice techniques that were used during a three-year training/demonstration project for child welfare supervisors working in the frontlines of child protection services in the Southeastern United States. This unique book is a guide to combining research methodology with staff training to enhance the quality of evidence-based practice in the field. The book examines techniques that were used in training modules in four states, highlighting practice models and intervention outcomes from an evidence-based perspective. Developing an Empirically Based Practice Initiative includes details about the project from the federal perspective (The Children’s Bureau) and the operational implications at the Southern Regional Quality Improvement Center (SRQIC) level. The book examines the issues of providing technical research assistance to child welfare agencies and the complexities of cross-site evaluation with different political jurisdictions. Developing an Empirically Based Practice Initiative examines: The Children’s Bureau discretionary grant program the relationship between child welfare workers’ career plans and their abilities to accomplish core work tasks secondary traumatic stress (STS) in child protective services workers methods for monitoring and evaluating child welfare supervisors clinical decision-making as a tool for building effective supervision skills the use of outcome data for decision-making the development and implementation of the Tennessee project the use of “360-degree” evaluations to improve clinical skill development the Intervention Design and Development model Developing an Empirically Based Practice Initiative is an invaluable aid for social work practitioners, child welfare workers, case managers, and supervisors, and for social work academics and students.
This book presents a narrative approach to creating a supportive environment for health and human service practitioners who work with vulnerable children and their families—one of the most difficult and complex areas of practice. People working in these environments are routinely exposed to violence and trauma and commonly experience symptoms of traumatic stress as a result. Traditionally, human service and health care service organisations have struggled to support practitioners who experience primary and secondary trauma in either a preventative context or post exposure. Using contemporary trauma theory, this book provides a trauma-informed support and supervision framework for supervisors and managers of practitioners that recognises the uniqueness of the practice field, the diversity of practitioners who undertake the work and the diversity of contexts in which they work. It will be required reading for all human service and health professionals, including social workers, psychologists and nurses as well as teachers, counsellors and youth workers.
This comprehensive reference offers a robust framework for introducing and sustaining trauma-responsive services and culture in child welfare systems. Organized around concepts of safety, permanency, and well-being, chapters describe innovations in child protection, violence prevention, foster care, and adoption services to reduce immediate effects of trauma on children and improve long-term development and maturation. Foundations and interventions for practice include collaborations with families and community entities, cultural competency, trauma-responsive assessment and treatment, promoting trauma-informed parenting, and, when appropriate, working toward reunification of families. The book’s chapters on agency culture also address staffing, supervisory, and training issues, planning and implementation, and developing a competent, committed, and sturdy workforce. Among the topics covered: Trauma-informed family engagement with resistant clients. Introducing evidence-based trauma treatment in preventive services. Working with resource parents for trauma-informed foster care. Use of implementation science principles in program development for sustainability. Trauma informed and secondary traumatic stress informed organizational readiness assessments. Caseworker training for trauma practice and building worker resiliency. Trauma Responsive Child Welfare Systems ably assists psychology professionals of varied disciplines, social workers, and mental health professionals applying trauma theory and trauma-informed family engagement to clinical practice and/or research seeking to gain strategies for creating trauma-informed agency practice and agency culture. It also makes a worthwhile text for a child welfare training curriculum.
Abstract: Child welfare workers in the County of Santa Barbara are tasked with ensuring the well-being and safety of the children and families they serve, often victims traumatized by the effects of abuse and neglect. In the execution of their duties to protect and serve their clients, these child welfare workers often experience occupational burnout and secondary traumatic stress (STS). This is in turn affects their ability to serve their clients effectively, placing this vulnerable population at further risk of harm. The goal of the Reflective Supervision Pilot Program (RSPP) is to provide reflective supervision to these child welfare workers to alleviate the job burnout and STS they experience, which may also lead to their intent to leave the child welfare department. There is much evidence to support the effectiveness of reflective supervision in addressing and alleviating symptoms of burnout and STS. The potential funding source for this grant is the Santa Barbara Foundation (SBF), which supports and funds community programs that enrich the lives of its residents and strengthens the fabric of the community. The actual submission and funding of this grant were not requirements for the successful completion of this project.
Presents the tools to help child welfare practitioners and agency managers identify and provide practical and appropriate interventions.
This workbook provides tools for self-assessment, guidelines and activities for addressing vicarious traumatization, and exercises to use with groups of helpers.
Survivors of trauma are disproportionately represented in agencies providing a broad range of behavioral, social, and mental health services. Practitioners in these settings must understand and be able to respond to survivors of trauma in ways that are empowering, normalize and validate their experiences and reactions, and minimize the risk of retraumatization. Practitioners also will be indirectly traumatized as a result of their work with trauma survivors. Practitioners’ ability to help clients with histories of trauma depends upon clinical supervision that is trauma-informed. The trauma-informed supervisor has the dual responsibility of enhancing supervisees’ skills as trauma-informed practitioners and helping them manage the impact their work has on them. Nevertheless, many clinical supervisors only have limited knowledge and training in trauma and may not recognize either the needs of those whom they supervise or the clients their supervisees serve. This book compiles important recommendations from trauma-informed practitioners, supervisors, and researchers who share their professional reflections and personal stories based on their hands-on experiences across mental health and medical contexts. This book was originally published as a special issue of The Clinical Supervisor.
Presents the tools to help child welfare practitioners and agency managers identify and provide practical and appropriate interventions.