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Describes trends in nutrition and related indicators from 1975 to the most recent year available, usually 1990. The focus is on nutrition in developing countries, and stress is placed on malnutrition as it affects young children. Volume I presents trends and possible causal factors at the regional level; summarizes recent information on the major deficiencies; assembles information on what is known about malnutrition in women in developing countries; discusses the role of diet in causing chronic disease, particularly in countries in transition; explores how trends in the last 15 years, if projected into the future, compare with goals for improved nutrition in the 1990s; contains an outline of methods, data sources, bibliographic references, and other details. Volume II provides more detailed information at a country level.
"The Hunger Report: 1993" is the fifth in a series by the Brown University World Hunger Program. Drawing on numerous reports of hunger researchers, monitors, and policy makers, it classifies and clarifies their diverse data within a single typology of hunger caused by food shortage, food poverty, and food deprivation. Policy makers, academicians, and practitioners concerned with hunger and development will find this book an invaluable resource. In the year 1993, hunger was definitely on the international development agenda. The world has witnessed with mounting concern the needless persistence of hunger and, along with it, a proliferation of often-conflicting supporting data, a multiplication of often-conflicting institutional efforts, an escalation in political rhetoric, and an overall increase in media and public attention.
The Hunger Report 1995 highlights progress during the past five years on the problems of food shortage, poverty-related hunger, maternal-child nutrition and health, and micronutrient malnutrition. It is constructed from papers and discussions presented at the five-year-follow-up to the Bellagio Declaration, 'Overcoming Hunger in the 1990s' (1989). Individual essays by hunger researchers, monitors, and policy makers assess advances in achieving the Bellagio goals, which are: 1) to end famine deaths, especially by moving food into zones of armed conflict; 2) to end hunger in half the world's poorest households; 3) to eliminate at least half the hunger of women and children by expanding maternal-child health coverage; and 4) to eliminate vitamin A and iodine deficiencies as public health problems.
This survey contains some new features which set it apart from its predecessors. Firstly, China and those other countries formerly known as Asian centrally-planned economies, which were previously excluded in the traditional estimates of the prevalence of food inadequacy or undernutrition, are now included. Secondly, the method of estimation has been refined. The coverage of anthropometric indicators, which provide information on the nutritional status of subgroups such as children, adolescents and adults, has also been expanded. The main conclusion of the survey is that in developing countries as a whole, per caput dietary energy has continued to increase. Although 20 per cent of the total population had inadequate access to food in 1990-92, this is compared with 35 per cent two decades previously.
The individual and institutional capacities required for the prevention and reduction of nutritional insecurity and hunger in lesser-developed countries as the twenty-first century approaches are identified in this book. Household nutritional "security" can be defined as the successful The essays in this book champion the idea of increasing, or scaling up, grass roots operations to provide nutritional security, while scaling down the efforts of national and international institutions. Scaling up involves strengthening local capacities to improve and expand upon current successful programs by building upon existing local culture and organizations. This, in turn, enables the programs to strengthen relationships with national governments, international bilateral/multilateral donors, as well as non-governmental organizations. Scaling down concerns the ways and means by which these various organizations encourage and complement the local development. Therefore, as local capacities are scaled up, the national/international control over decisions and functions is, ideally, scaled down. The volume also directly addresses the resultant complication: how to create programs that are both culturally specific and that will flourish well into the future.