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The second phase of the Cloud Physics Project was carried on in the vicinity of Wilmington, Ohio, during the spring and summer of 1948. The organization, facilities, and general mode of attack were the same as those used in the first phase of the project. In this second phase of the study, the basic objective was to determine in definite quantitative terms the practical limits and economic importance of cloud modification processes in producing precipitation from cumuliform clouds.
The basic objective of this Project was to determine in definite quantitative terms the practical limits and general utility of cloud modification processes in producing or suppressing precipitation and increasing the visibility from flying aircraft. In order that the effects of the induced modifications may be clearly separated from those occurring naturally, a closely coordinated attack using all available measuring facilities was adopted.
In order to establish a meteorological forecasting system, it is necessary to find a direct relationship between measurable physical states of the atmosphere and the end product, the weather element to be forecast. The long range forecaster is quite limited in his choice of physical parameters. In fact only the very large-scale dynamics of the atmosphere which can be expressed in terms of mean pressure patterns are amenable to long range analysis. Thus the problem reduces to finding a link between mean planetary pressure patterns and precipitation in the Hawaiian Islands
Considers legislation to authorize Advisory Committee on Weather Control cooperative cloud seeding research program with states, universities, and private organizations.
The estimation of the volume of runoff to be expected from a given volume of rainfall is a fundamental problem in flood forecasting. Such estimates are necessary before the unit hydrograph or other techniques can be used to predict the streamflow hydrograph. The authors describe the technique now used at the River Forecast Centers of the U.S. Weather Bureau for evaluating the effect of season, antecedent conditions, duration of rainfall and rainfall amount in determining the portion of the rainfall contributing to storm runoff. Special problems encountered in flood forecasting are emphasized. The technique, developed and tested over several years, yields a high degree of accuracy in estimated runoff. Although prepared by empirical procedures, the close agreement between relations for basins of similar hydrologic characteristics suggests that rational parameter have been adopted. The similarity between relations also simplifies the work required for their preparation.
Weather control. Juxtaposing those two words is enough to raise eyebrows in a world where even the best weather models still fail to nail every forecast, and when the effects of climate change on sea level height, seasonal averages of weather phenomena, and biological behavior are being watched with interest by all, regardless of political or scientific persuasion. But between the late nineteenth century—when the United States first funded an attempt to “shock” rain out of clouds—and the late 1940s, rainmaking (as it had been known) became weather control. And then things got out of control. In Make It Rain, Kristine C. Harper tells the long and somewhat ludicrous history of state-funded attempts to manage, manipulate, and deploy the weather in America. Harper shows that governments from the federal to the local became helplessly captivated by the idea that weather control could promote agriculture, health, industrial output, and economic growth at home, or even be used as a military weapon and diplomatic tool abroad. Clear fog for landing aircraft? There’s a project for that. Gentle rain for strawberries? Let’s do it! Enhanced snowpacks for hydroelectric utilities? Check. The heyday of these weather control programs came during the Cold War, as the atmosphere came to be seen as something to be defended, weaponized, and manipulated. Yet Harper demonstrates that today there are clear implications for our attempts to solve the problems of climate change.
This book is the outcome of a workshop held at Park City, Utah, 23-25 May, 1984. It is a collection of papers focusing focuses on physics of precipitation formation in clouds and the response of clouds to glaciogenic seeding. This book documents the debates and discussions that surrounded the topic of glaciogenic seeding during the time of the workshop. It is interesting as a historical evidence of the scientific progress of that time.