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These hearing transcripts present testimony to the Senate Committee on Agriculture regarding the School Lunch and Breakfast Programs. Statements were made by several senators, the president of the American School Food Service Association (Connecticut); a school food service program director (Florida); the director of nutrition and education for the American School Food Service Association (Virginia); the director of the Children's Nutrition Research Center (Texas); the vice president of Food Operations at Disneyland Resort and Concept Development (California); and an assistant professor of clinical dietetics and nutrition, University of Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania). Witnesses maintained that the Nutrition Education and Training Program needs funding to maintain its current service level. It is necessary to modify the School Lunch Program to encourage student participation, make it easier for schools for qualify, and to reduce the administrative burden. Testimony also indicated that breakfast programs are vital to student nutrition, academic performance, and school attendance. School food service has become more efficient and more consumer-oriented, has expanded to supply meals to new audiences, and has increased the flexibility of service delivery. However, it is necessary to integrate food service within the educational day to enhance student nutrition knowledge and practice. Offering food choices may reduce food waste. The solution to major childhood nutritional problems is to apply current information to improve children's diets and to support nutrition research. An appendix to the transcripts contains additional statements, letters, and materials submitted. (KB)
About a dozen federally supported child nutrition programs and related activities -- including the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (the WIC program) -- reach over 36 million children and almost 2 million lower-income pregnant and postpartum women. The School Lunch and School Breakfast programs provide cash subsidies to participating schools and residential child care institutions (RCCIs) for all meals they serve; larger subsidies are granted for free and reduced-price meals served to lower-income children. The Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) subsidises meals and snacks served by child care centres and day care homes; in centres, higher subsidies are given for meals/snacks served to lower-income children, while subsidies for homes generally are not varied by children's family income (but are larger for homes in lower-income areas or operated by lower-income providers). Schools, RCCIs, and other public and private non-profit organisations operating programs for children also can receive subsidies for snacks (and, in some cases, meals) served in after-school and other outside-of-school settings. The Summer Food Service Program subsidises food service operations by public and private non-profit sponsors in lower-income areas during the summer; all meals/snacks they serve are subsidised, generally without regard to individual children's family income. The Special Milk Program operates in schools and RCCIs without a lunch program and subsidises all milk they serve. All these subsidies are inflation-indexed and are paid only where the subsidised meals/snacks meet federal nutrition standards. In addition to cash aid, many providers receive food commodities from the Agriculture Department, at a set value per meal (and may receive 'bonus' commodities from stocks acquired for agricultural support purposes). Grants also are made to help cover state administrative expenses. And, the WIC program provides nutrition services and tailored food packages to lower-income pregnant, breastfeeding, and postpartum women, infants, and children who are judged to be at nutritional risk. Other significant federal programs/activities include: a WIC farmers' market nutrition program, support for a Food Service Management Institute, and initiatives to improve meal quality, food service, and safety.