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ABSTRACT: Since Java's portability as well as development productivity enables new applications to be deployed easily, Java becomes quite an attractive language for the embedded systems whose service requirements have become diverse recently. Garbage collection not only helps alleviate the programmers' burden struggling to prevent errors related to memory management, but also makes the memory usage efficient. This is one more advantage to embedded systems that have resource constraints. However, the unpredictable execution time of garbage collection is one of the obstacles for JAVA to be used in embedded systems that usually have time constraints. To overcome this difficulty, garbage collection must provide a predictable execution time. Once the execution time is bounded, garbage collection is scheduled to guarantee real-time systems' schedulability and minimize memory usage. In order to form the basis of the bounded execution time of garbage collection, we show the analysis about what factors determine the execution time of garbage collection and how garbage collection affects the application execution. Based on this analysis, we investigate the schedulability of real-time tasks that use automatic memory management systems.
Research on real-time Java technology has been prolific over the past decade, leading to a large number of corresponding hardware and software solutions, and frameworks for distributed and embedded real-time Java systems. This book is aimed primarily at researchers in real-time embedded systems, particularly those who wish to understand the current state of the art in using Java in this domain. Much of the work in real-time distributed, embedded and real-time Java has focused on the Real-time Specification for Java (RTSJ) as the underlying base technology, and consequently many of the Chapters in this book address issues with, or solve problems using, this framework. Describes innovative techniques in: scheduling, memory management, quality of service and communication systems supporting real-time Java applications; Includes coverage of multiprocessor embedded systems and parallel programming; Discusses state-of-the-art resource management for embedded systems, including Java’s real-time garbage collection and parallel collectors; Considers hardware support for the execution of Java programs including how programs can interact with functional accelerators; Includes coverage of Safety Critical Java for development of safety critical embedded systems.
Embedded real-time systems require a reliable and efficient memory management, a timely, predictable and deterministic response, and a reliable action. The design and implementation of Java Virtual Machine (JVM) must take those requirements into consideration for Java language to be used in embedded real-time systems. Automatic garbage collection is an important function of a JVM. There are many different types of garbage collectors and the behavior of the JVM depends on the type of garbage collector that it implements. The type of garbage collector determines the amount of memory available to a program at any given time and the responsiveness of the JVM. Both of these features are critically important for real-time and embedded systems. The main contribution of this thesis is to design benchmark programs to reveal the behavior and to measure the performance of the garbage collector for a JVM. The benchmark programs identifies if a garbage collector for the Java Virtual Machine is asynchronous, accurate, de-fragmenting, generational, incremental, preemptive, and identifies if the Java Virtual Machine handles priority inversion problem.
Real-time and embedded systems are essential to our lives, from controlling car engines and regulating traffic lights to monitoring plane takeoffs and landings to providing up-to-the-minute stock quotes. Bringing together researchers from both academia and industry, the Handbook of Real-Time and Embedded Systems provides comprehensive covera
Research on real-time Java technology has been prolific over the past decade, leading to a large number of corresponding hardware and software solutions, and frameworks for distributed and embedded real-time Java systems. This book is aimed primarily at researchers in real-time embedded systems, particularly those who wish to understand the current state of the art in using Java in this domain. Much of the work in real-time distributed, embedded and real-time Java has focused on the Real-time Specification for Java (RTSJ) as the underlying base technology, and consequently many of the Chapters in this book address issues with, or solve problems using, this framework. Describes innovative techniques in: scheduling, memory management, quality of service and communication systems supporting real-time Java applications; Includes coverage of multiprocessor embedded systems and parallel programming; Discusses state-of-the-art resource management for embedded systems, including Java’s real-time garbage collection and parallel collectors; Considers hardware support for the execution of Java programs including how programs can interact with functional accelerators; Includes coverage of Safety Critical Java for development of safety critical embedded systems.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed postproceedings of the First International Conference on Embedded Software and Systems, ICESS 2004, held in Hangzhou, China in December 2004. The 80 revised full papers presented together with the abstracts of 4 keynote speeches and 4 invited talks were thoroughly reviewed and selected from almost 400 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on distributed embedded computing, embedded systems, embedded hardware and architecture, middleware for embedded computing, mobile systems, transducer network, embedded operating system, power-aware computing, real-time system, embedded system verification and testing, and software tools for embedded systems.
Universally acclaimed as the book on garbage collection. A complete and up-to-date revision of the 2012 Garbage Collection Handbook. Thorough coverage of parallel, concurrent and real-time garbage collection algortithms including C4, Garbage First, LXR, Shenandoah, Transactional Sapphire and ZGC, and garbage collection on the GPU. Clear explanation of the trickier aspects of garbage collection, including the interface to the run-time system, handling of finalisation and weak references, and support for dynamic languages. New chapters on energy aware garbage collection, and persistence and garbage collection. The e-book includes more than 40,000 hyperlinks to algorithms, figures, glossary entries, indexed items, original research papers and much more. Backed by a comprehensive online database of over 3,400 garbage collection-related publications
Annotation Build powerful real-time Java "TM" TM platform aplications! -- The complete reference to the Real Time Specification for Java (RTSJ) for every Java developer who wants to master real-time programming. -- Covers practical real-time development considerations, scheduling theory, garbage collection, rate monotonic analysis, and other key issues. -- Closures, thread.interrupt, asynchronous events, timers, CT, physical and "immortal" memory, program structure, distributed RT applications, exceptions, and more. Real-time programming is critical to the development of a wide range of consumer, industrial, system, and military devices. Using the new Real-Time Specification for Java (RTSJ), developers can create, verify, analyze, execute and manage Java code that ensures the correctness, timeliness, and execution predictability that are essential to real-time programming. This book, written by one of RTSJ's creators, offers a practical introduction to real-time programming for every Java developer -- even those with no real-time experience at all. Replete with example code, this book gives any Java developer the skills and expertise to build powerful real-time applications. Peter Dibble begins with an overview of the key issues associated with Java real-time development. He covers garbage collection, priority scheduling and deadline scheduling in real-time environments; then introduces rate monotonic analysis, a powerful set of techniques for analyzing timing be