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This monograph identifies polytopes that are combinatorially l1-embeddable, within interesting lists of polytopal graphs, i.e. such that corresponding polytopes are either prominent mathematically (regular partitions, root lattices, uniform polytopes and so on), or applicable in chemistry (fullerenes, polycycles, etc.). The embeddability, if any, provides applications to chemical graphs and, in the first case, it gives new combinatorial perspective to l2-prominent affine polytopal objects. The lists of polytopal graphs in the book come from broad areas of geometry, crystallography and graph theory. The book concentrates on such concise and, as much as possible, independent definitions. The scale-isometric embeddability the main unifying question, to which those lists are subjected is presented with the minimum of technicalities.
This monograph identifies polytopes that are ?combinatorially ?1-embeddable?, within interesting lists of polytopal graphs, i.e. such that corresponding polytopes are either prominent mathematically (regular partitions, root lattices, uniform polytopes and so on), or applicable in chemistry (fullerenes, polycycles, etc.). The embeddability, if any, provides applications to chemical graphs and, in the first case, it gives new combinatorial perspective to ??2-prominent? affine polytopal objects.The lists of polytopal graphs in the book come from broad areas of geometry, crystallography and graph theory. The book concentrates on such concise and, as much as possible, independent definitions. The scale-isometric embeddability ? the main unifying question, to which those lists are subjected ? is presented with the minimum of technicalities.
Pattern Recognition on Oriented Matroids covers a range of innovative problems in combinatorics, poset and graph theories, optimization, and number theory that constitute a far-reaching extension of the arsenal of committee methods in pattern recognition. The groundwork for the modern committee theory was laid in the mid-1960s, when it was shown that the familiar notion of solution to a feasible system of linear inequalities has ingenious analogues which can serve as collective solutions to infeasible systems. A hierarchy of dialects in the language of mathematics, for instance, open cones in the context of linear inequality systems, regions of hyperplane arrangements, and maximal covectors (or topes) of oriented matroids, provides an excellent opportunity to take a fresh look at the infeasible system of homogeneous strict linear inequalities – the standard working model for the contradictory two-class pattern recognition problem in its geometric setting. The universal language of oriented matroid theory considerably simplifies a structural and enumerative analysis of applied aspects of the infeasibility phenomenon. The present book is devoted to several selected topics in the emerging theory of pattern recognition on oriented matroids: the questions of existence and applicability of matroidal generalizations of committee decision rules and related graph-theoretic constructions to oriented matroids with very weak restrictions on their structural properties; a study (in which, in particular, interesting subsequences of the Farey sequence appear naturally) of the hierarchy of the corresponding tope committees; a description of the three-tope committees that are the most attractive approximation to the notion of solution to an infeasible system of linear constraints; an application of convexity in oriented matroids as well as blocker constructions in combinatorial optimization and in poset theory to enumerative problems on tope committees; an attempt to clarify how elementary changes (one-element reorientations) in an oriented matroid affect the family of its tope committees; a discrete Fourier analysis of the important family of critical tope committees through rank and distance relations in the tope poset and the tope graph; the characterization of a key combinatorial role played by the symmetric cycles in hypercube graphs. Contents Oriented Matroids, the Pattern Recognition Problem, and Tope Committees Boolean Intervals Dehn–Sommerville Type Relations Farey Subsequences Blocking Sets of Set Families, and Absolute Blocking Constructions in Posets Committees of Set Families, and Relative Blocking Constructions in Posets Layers of Tope Committees Three-Tope Committees Halfspaces, Convex Sets, and Tope Committees Tope Committees and Reorientations of Oriented Matroids Topes and Critical Committees Critical Committees and Distance Signals Symmetric Cycles in the Hypercube Graphs
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"The structural designs that occur in nature - in molecules, in crystals, in living cells - appear in this fully illustrated book as a source of inspiration and study of design of man-made structures" -- BOOK JACKET.