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Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed U.S. and international environmental satellite data archiving activities and plans. GAO found that: (1) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) are primarily responsible for archiving environmental satellite data; (2) the agencies expect a significant future increase in satellite data and, to varying degrees, have begun planning for the expected increase; (3) NOAA is examining the possibility of private firms taking over its archiving functions; (4) NASA is planning on significant technological advances and interagency cooperation to archive data; and (5) possible future reductions in archiving funding could reduce USGS archiving activities. GAO also found that: (1) since 1977, Japan, France, India, and a group of 13 European countries have launched at least 9 environmental satellites; and (2) several countries have plans to launch at least 30 additional environmental satellites between 1988 and 1997.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) collects, manages, and disseminates a wide range of climate, weather, ecosystem and other environmental data that are used by scientists, engineers, resource managers, policy makers, and others in the United States and around the world. The increasing volume and diversity of NOAA's data holdings - which include everything from satellite images of clouds to the stomach contents of fish - and a large number of users present NOAA with substantial data management challenges. NOAA asked the National Research Council to help identify the observations, model output, and other environmental information that must be preserved in perpetuity and made readily accessible, as opposed to data with more limited storage lifetime and accessibility requirements. This report offers nine general principles for effective environmental data management, along with a number of more specific guidelines and examples that explain and illustrate how these principles could be applied at NOAA.
"This report ... describes the meteorological satellite program of the United States, the data acquired, the applications of the data to climatology, the procedures for archiving the data, and plans for future meteorological satellites."--Page [1-1].
The Satellite Data Archiving System was implemented to fulfil Canada's obligations to the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project, operated under the auspices of the World Meterological Organization. Canada's obligations include regular submission of data sets received from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite East whose position over the equator is normally at 75 degrees west. This report describes the system and its products; its initial configuration and the changes to May 1989; and the advantages of the current configuration, including a new frame synchronizer.
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) collects and manages a wide range of environmental and geospatial data to fulfill its mission requirements-data that stretch from the surface of the sun to the core of the earth, and affect every aspect of society. With limited resources and enormous growth in data volumes, NOAA asked the National Academies for advice on how to archive and provide access to these data. This book offers preliminary principles and guidelines that NOAA and its partners can use to begin planning specific archiving strategies for the data streams they currently collect. For example, the book concludes that the decision to archive environmental or geospatial data should be driven by its current or future value to society, and that funding for environmental and geospatial measurements should include sufficient resources to archive and provide access to the data these efforts generate. The preliminary principles and guidelines proposed in this book will be refined and expanded to cover data access issues in a final book expected to be released in 2007.