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CONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 1-11.1 OBJECTIVE OF THIS MANUAL..................................................................................................... 1-11.2 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................... 1-21.3 REGULATORY CONTEXT............................................................................................................ 1-31.3.1 Total Coliform Rule ....................................................................................................... 1-31.3.2 Surface Water Treatment Rule........................................................................................ 1-31.3.3 Interim Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule........................................................... 1-41.4 EPA/STATE JOINT GUIDANCE ON SANITARY SURVEYS ............................................................... 1-61.5 RATIONALE FOR SANITARY SURVEYS......................................................................................... 1-61.5.1 Goal of a Sanitary Survey ............................................................................................... 1-61.5.2 Benefits of a Sanitary Survey.......................................................................................... 1-72. PLANNING THE SURVEY ...................................................................................................... 2-12.1 DETERMINATION OF OUTSTANDING PERFORMANCE.................................................................... 2-12.2 REVIEW OF PERTINENT FILES ON PHYSICAL FACILITIES .............................................................. 2-22.2.1 Previous Sanitary Survey Reports................................................................................... 2-22.2.2 Water System Plans........................................................................................................ 2-22.2.3 Water System Schematic/Layout Maps........................................................................... 2-32.2.4 Project Reports............................................................................................................... 2-62.2.5 Construction Documents ................................................................................................ 2-72.2.6 Water Source Information .............................................................................................. 2-72.2.7 Source Protection Information ........................................................................................ 2-82.3 REVIEW OF PERTINENT FILES ON WATER QUALITY................................................................... 2-102.3.1 Monitoring Plans.......................................................................................................... 2-10
This manual suggests design operating and performance criteria for specific surface water quality conditions to provide the optimum protection from microbiological contaminants.
The Manual highlights the human rights principles and criteria in relation to drinking water and sanitation. It explains the international legal obligations in terms of operational policies and practice that will support the progressive realisation of universal access. The Manual introduces a human rights perspective that will add value to informed decision making in the daily routine of operators, managers and regulators. It also encourages its readership to engage actively in national dialogues where the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation are translated into national and local policies, laws and regulations. Creating such an enabling environment is, in fact, only the first step in the process towards progressive realisation. Allocation of roles and responsibilities is the next step, in an updated institutional and operational set up that helps apply a human rights lens to the process of reviewing and revising the essential functions of operators, service providers and regulators.