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In June 2005, the National Grid plc sold four of the eight regional gas distribution networks in Britain for £5.8 billion (those covering Scotland, Wales and the north, south and west of England). The Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem), the industry regulator, controls the licenses for operation of these networks; and in making its recommendation on their sale, Ofgem's primary statutory responsibility was to protect the interest of consumers. This NAO report finds that Ofgem successfully fulfilled its duty in relation to the sales, and in seeking to maintain a stable regulatory framework and manage future risks. The sales should help encourage price competition and more efficient working practices, and help deliver potential savings to customers. However, the projected benefits to consumers are subject to uncertainty, given that they are forecast over a long time frame. The report makes a number of recommendations designed to highlight lessons learned in relation to: calculating customer benefits; the internal management of projects involving sales and mergers; and protecting the consumer interest in the future.
Americans' safety, productivity, comfort, and convenience depend on the reliable supply of electric power. The electric power system is a complex "cyber-physical" system composed of a network of millions of components spread out across the continent. These components are owned, operated, and regulated by thousands of different entities. Power system operators work hard to assure safe and reliable service, but large outages occasionally happen. Given the nature of the system, there is simply no way that outages can be completely avoided, no matter how much time and money is devoted to such an effort. The system's reliability and resilience can be improved but never made perfect. Thus, system owners, operators, and regulators must prioritize their investments based on potential benefits. Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation's Electricity System focuses on identifying, developing, and implementing strategies to increase the power system's resilience in the face of events that can cause large-area, long-duration outages: blackouts that extend over multiple service areas and last several days or longer. Resilience is not just about lessening the likelihood that these outages will occur. It is also about limiting the scope and impact of outages when they do occur, restoring power rapidly afterwards, and learning from these experiences to better deal with events in the future.
UK economic Regulators : 1st report of session 2006-07, Vol. 2: Evidence
This book addresses a seemingly simple question: Can a certain amount of gas be transported through a pipeline network? The question is difficult, however, when asked in relation to a meshed nationwide gas transportation network and when taking into account the technical details and discrete decisions, as well as regulations, contracts, and varying demands, involved. This book provides an introduction to the field of gas transportation planning and discusses in detail the advantages and disadvantages of several mathematical models that address gas transport within the context of its technical and regulatory framework, shows how to solve the models using sophisticated mathematical optimization algorithms, and includes examples of large-scale applications of mathematical optimization to this real-world industrial problem. Readers will also find a glossary of gas transport terms, tables listing the physical and technical quantities and constants used throughout the book, and a reference list of regulation and gas business literature.
This national policy statement (NPS) sets out national policy for the energy infrastructure. A further five technology-specific NPSs for the energy sector cover: fossil fuel electricity generation (EN-2) (ISBN 9780108510786); renewable electricity generation (both onshore and offshore) (EN-3) (ISBN 9780108510793); gas supply infrastructure and gas and oil pipelines (EN-4) (ISBN 9780108510809); the electricity transmission and distribution network (EN-5) (ISBN 9780108510816); and nuclear power generation (EN-6) (ISBN 9780108510823). An Impact assessment is also available (ISBN 9780108510830). The NPSs have effect on the decisions by the Infrastructure Planning Commission on application for energy developments. This statement outlines the Government's objectives for the power sector in order to meet its energy and climate change strategy. It sets out the need for new energy infrastructure and the assessment principles and generic impacts.