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This volume contains monographs prepared at the fifty-sixth meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Five mycotoxins or groups of mycotoxins that contaminate food commodities were evaluated at the meeting: aflatoxin M1, fumonisins B1, B2, and B3, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, and T -2 and HT -2 toxins. The monographs in this volume summarize the data that were reviewed on these contaminants, including information on metabolism and toxicity, epidemiology, analytical methods for their measurement in food commodities, sampling protocols, effects of processing, levels and patterns of contamination of food commodities, food consumption, and prevention and control. Based upon this information the Committee assessed the risks associated with intake of these mycotoxins.
Mycotoxins, from the Greek "mukes" referring to fungi or slime molds and toxin from the Latin "toxicum" referencing a poison for arrows, have earned their reputation for being potentially deleterious to the health and well being of a consuming organism, whether it be animal or human. Unfortunately, mycotoxins are a ubiquitous factor in the natural life cycle of food producing plants. As such, control of the potential impact of mycotoxins on food safety relies heavily upon accurate analysis and surveys followed by commodity segregation and restricted use or decontamination through processing. The purpose of this book is to provide the most comprehensive and current information on the topic of mycotoxins and assuring food safety. Chapters represented in the book reflect such diverse topics ranging from occurrence and impact, analysis, reduction through processing and plant breeding, toxicology and safety assessments to regulatory perspectives. Authors represent a range of international perspectives.
The toxicological monographs in this volume summarize the safety data on a number of food additives: branching glycosyltransferase from Rhodothermus obamensis expressed in Bacillus subtilis, cassia gum, ferrous ammonium phosphate, glycerol ester of gum rosin, glycerol ester of tall oil rosin, lycopene from all sources, octenyl succinic acid modified gum arabic, sodium hydrogen sulfate and sucrose oligoesters type I and type II. A monograph on the assessment of dietary exposure to cyclamic acid and its salts is also included. This volume and others in the WHO Food Additives Seriescontain information that is useful to those who produce and use food additives and veterinary drugs and those involved with controlling contaminants in food, government and food regulatory officers, industrial testing laboratories, toxicological laboratories and universities.
This volume contains monographs prepared at the 64th meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food additives (JECFA), which met in Rome, Italy, from 8 to 17 February 2005. Six food contaminants or groups of contaminants were evaluated at the meeting (acrylamide, cadmium, ethyl carbamate, inorganic tin, polybrominated dipenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The monographs summarise data reviewed on these contaminants, including information on metabolism and toxicity, epidemiology, analytical methods for their measurement in food commodities, sampling protocols, effects of processing, levels and patterns of contamination of food commodities, food consumption, and prevention and control.
Mycotoxins are toxins produced by aerobic, microscopic fungus under special conditions of moisture and temperature. They colonize in a variety of foods from harvest to the grocer. Mycotoxins have gained world wide interest in recent years with the revelation of the effect of these toxins on health. A current example is the presence of ochratoxin A, a human carcinogen and nephrotoxin, in wines. The increased concern about fruit safety has led to increased studies throughout the world and enhanced awareness for stringent regulations governing mycotoxin limits in food.Presented in three defined sections, this is the first book to provide comprehensive analysis of the main mycotoxins contaminating fruits and vegetables and their derived products. The first section provides a safety evaluation of mycotoxins in fruits and vegetables, details regarding factors affecting mycotoxin production and diffusion in the fruit tissue, and recent methods for detection of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins produced by the fungi. The second part takes a critical look at the main individual mycotoxins and the third section focuses on approaches for prevention and control. - The first book dedicated to mycotoxins in fruits and vegetables - Presents mycological, mycotoxicological and phytopathological aspects of fruits and vegetables - Includes an analysis of detection, prevention and control methods for mycotoxigenic fungi and the mycotoxins they produce - Provides a complete risk assessment and safety evaluation of mycotoxins in perishable produce
This report presents the conclusions of a joint expert committee convened to assess the risks associated with the consumption of food contaminated with specific mycotoxins. It contains a general discussion of the principles for evaluating mycotoxins in food, including those concerning analytical methods, sampling, data on food consumption and dietary intake, and prevention and control.
The first book to cover this fast developing field, Masked Mycotoxins in Food will provide a full overview of the issues relating to the toxicology of masked mycotoxins present in food products. Mycotoxins are naturally occurring chemicals produced by moulds that can grow on crops and foodstuffs. Masked mycotoxins are modified mycotoxins, due to this modification many cannot be detected using standard analytical techniques, for example HPLC and ELISA, and further research is needed to understand the health risks and threats from these modified compounds.Masked mycotoxin research is an area of toxicological research that has gained significant interest and momentum in recent years. The aim of this book is to provide a full picture of the topic, from the masked mycotoxin formation in plants to their catabolic fate in humans. The book also provides new insights and will highlight possible gaps in the knowledge base of this relatively new area. Edited and written by World renowned experts working within the field, this book is of interest to toxicologists and biochemists, but also food scientists and agricultural researchers working in industry and academia.