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This guide presents information for estimating the costs and safety benefits which would be expected due to various improvements on specific sections of rural, two-lane roads. Such improvements covered in this guide include lane widening, shoulder widening, shoulder surfacing, sideslope flattening, and roadside improvements. This guide will be useful to those involved with the design of 3R-type projects, particularly for improvement projects which will be constructed on existing vertical and horizontal alignment and within the existing right-of-way. The accident relationships with roadway geometrics and cost data contained in this guide resulted from research conducted for the Federal Highway Administration. FHWA research report FHWA/RD-87/008 entitled "Safety Effects of Cross-Section Design for Two-Lane Roads, Volume I, Final Report" contains the major results and conclusions of the study. FHWA research report number FHWA/RD-87/009 subtitled "Volume II, Appendixes" contains details on the data base and the data analysis
In India, the primary mode of transport is road transport which plays an important role in the conveyance of goods and passengers and linking the centers of production, consumption and distribution. It is also a key factor for promoting socio-economic development in terms of social, regional and national integration. The motor vehicle population is growing at a faster rate than the economic and population growth.
This report contains the findings of research performed to quantify the safety and operational impacts of design element trade-offs and their associated risks. The report details the research performed and includes specific recommended crash prediction models and Accident Modification Factors (AMFs) for shoulder width and median width on rural four-lane roads.