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Between 1940 and 1945, over twenty Dutch men attended a course in industrial sabotage at Brickendonbury Manor, near Hertford, UK, before being parachuted into Holland to undertake attacks on targets across the country. This book tells the stories of their successes and failures.
Until 1943 there was little effective resistance to the German occupation of The Netherlands. Though numerous small opposition groups had formed immediately after the German invasion in 1940, there was no concerted movement or over-arching organization. Gradually, though, as the Germans introduced harsher measures against certain groups, opposition grew, particularly in the urban areas. These met with very limited success due to poor security which was to plague the Dutch resistance movement in general. As is made clear in this official account, individuals were often members of more than one resistance group at the same time. This inevitably meant that when one cell was compromised others quickly met the same fate. Nevertheless, in 1941 the Netherlands, or N, Section of the Special Operations Executive under Major Seymour Bingham started sending trained agents to The Netherlands. These operatives were dropped by parachute or infiltrated into the country from France or Belgium. Unfortunately, poor discipline continued to hamper the resistance movement. Preparation was poor, security was lax, and codewords were forgotten or ignored. As a result, fifty-four of N Section’s agents were captured by the Germans; fifty of these were subsequently executed. Despite its egregious failings, SOE’s N Section, could count on some successes. Its agents were able to coordinate the various groups and help maintain communications with the UK. They also undertook valuable weapons training and gave instruction on demolition techniques. The people the agents assisted in active resistance were usually ordinary Dutch citizens, often working in respectable jobs under the very noses of the Germans, their only precaution being the adoption of a false name while operating undercover. The SOE agents themselves had to adopt the cover occupations of those professions which would not be subjected to conscription, such as teachers, medical personnel, or police. Usually, they would take the identity of brave individuals who had volunteered to have their information duplicated. In addition, the agents would be thoroughly briefed on their adopted personas so that they could provide convincing accounts of their movements if stopped and interrogated. This official account of the development and activities of SOE’s Dutch Section was written by a Staff Officer prior to SOE being disbanded in 1946. It was based on information, reports and documents provided by those involved in the campaign. It details how SOE agents were recruited and trained in the UK and gives information on safe houses, contact addresses, secret telephone exchanges, training premises and methods of communications in The Netherlands and externally to London. In essence, it provides all the apparatus and procedures used in the establishment of the underground movement which sought to obstruct and oppose the Germans at every turn.
First Published in 1990. The conference on Anglo-Dutch relations from 1940 to 1945, held at University College London on 3, 4 and 5 April 1989, covered a part - not the least interesting nor the simplest part - of the diplomatic and military history of the world war against Nazi Germany and imperial Japan. The historical context of Anglo-Dutch relations, close since the fall of the Roman Empire, bears setting out at the start. The papers that follow are printed almost as they were delivered, at a conference attended by a mixture of scholars, teachers, diplomats, journalists, students and retired warriors; of ages as diverse as their experiences; many of whom already knew each other.
During World War Two over a thousand saboteurs were trained at Brickendonbury, near Hertford, UK. This book tells the stories of the successes and failures of Ole Geisler, Christian Rottbøll, Erik Petersen, Aage Christensen, Paul Brandenborg, Flemming Muus and others who were parachuted into Denmark to help the Resistance before liberation in May 1945. It also details the sabotage work done by brave Danes, including Jørgen Kieler, Jørgen Schmidt and Bent Faurschou-Hviid.
During the Second World War, the German Intelligence Service infiltrated specially-trained agents into Iceland to collect military, naval, aviation and meteorological intelligence to be transmitted back to Hamburg by wireless or secret writing. Some agents managed to evade capture for a few weeks but most handed themselves into the authorities shortly after landing. Sent to London for interrogation by MI5, rather than be executed as enemy spies, they revealed their life stories and provided details of their training, their instructors and how they were infiltrated. They included Olev Saetrang, Ib Riis, Sigurjon Jonsson, Jens Palsson, Peter Thomsen aka Jens Fridriksson, Larus Thorsteinsson, Einar Sigvaldason, Magnus Gudbjornsson, Sverrir Matthiasson, Ernst Fresenius, Sigurdur Juliusson, Hjalti Bjornsson and Gudbrandur Hlidar. Three of these spies were 'turned', used as double agents to transmit British-inspired messages to deceive the Germans about Arctic convoys and a fake Allied invasion of Norway.
The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is published daily when Congress is in session. The Congressional Record began publication in 1873. Debates for sessions prior to 1873 are recorded in The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (1789-1824), the Register of Debates in Congress (1824-1837), and the Congressional Globe (1833-1873)
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