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La empresa tradicional ha privilegiado a los propietarios en su gestión, dejando a un lado los demás participantes e interesados en sus acciones, en el marco de la racionalidad económica que sólo promueve el crecimiento y la rentabilidad, atentando contra el desarrollo sustentable que requiere la continuidad de la vida en la tierra. Un cambio de actitud personal y empresarial que subsane los problemas sociales y ambientales, implica la instauración de una ética para la sustentabilidad, que sea parte de una racionalidad ambiental opuesta a los modelos heredados de la modernidad y considerará los elementos de la teoría de la complejidad para la construcción de una sociedad más justa que satisfaga los anhelos de felicidad de la humanidad. Este ensayo intenta conexiones entre conceptos éticos y empresariales con la pretensión de dar aportes para la construcción de una racionalidad ambiental, paradigma que nos dará los elementos teóricos para arribar a una sociedad mejor que aquella legada por la historia.
Este livro é um olhar para a emergência e construção de um saber que ressignifica as concepções do progresso, do desenvolvimento e do crescimento sem limites, para configurar uma nova racionalidade social, com ressonâncias no campo da produção e do conhecimento, da política e das práticas educativas.
In Territories of Difference, Arturo Escobar, author of the widely debated book Encountering Development, analyzes the politics of difference enacted by specific place-based ethnic and environmental movements in the context of neoliberal globalization. His analysis is based on his many years of engagement with a group of Afro-Colombian activists of Colombia’s Pacific rainforest region, the Proceso de Comunidades Negras (PCN). Escobar offers a detailed ethnographic account of PCN’s visions, strategies, and practices, and he chronicles and analyzes the movement’s struggles for autonomy, territory, justice, and cultural recognition. Yet he also does much more. Consistently emphasizing the value of local activist knowledge for both understanding and social action and drawing on multiple strands of critical scholarship, Escobar proposes new ways for scholars and activists to examine and apprehend the momentous, complex processes engulfing regions such as the Colombian Pacific today. Escobar illuminates many interrelated dynamics, including the Colombian government’s policies of development and pluralism that created conditions for the emergence of black and indigenous social movements and those movements’ efforts to steer the region in particular directions. He examines attempts by capitalists to appropriate the rainforest and extract resources, by developers to set the region on the path of modernist progress, and by biologists and others to defend this incredibly rich biodiversity “hot-spot” from the most predatory activities of capitalists and developers. He also looks at the attempts of academics, activists, and intellectuals to understand all of these complicated processes. Territories of Difference is Escobar’s effort to think with Afro-Colombian intellectual-activists who aim to move beyond the limits of Eurocentric paradigms as they confront the ravages of neoliberal globalization and seek to defend their place-based cultures and territories.
This book offers a conceptual framework for the critical understanding of the present socio-environmental conflicts. It reflects on the evolution of subject and thought, a shift in environmental thinking triggered by the development of eco-territorial conflicts and the social responses given to the environmental question. Bringing together 40 years of the authors writing and research, the book explores the transition from ecological economics and historical materialism to ecological Marxism. It unpacks the forging of political ecology from value theory in political economy, to ecological distribution and ecologies of difference; a transition to an environmental rationality grounded in the ontology of diversity, a politics of difference and an ethics of otherness. This evolution in thinking gives consistency to a theoretical discourse able to respond to the territorial conflicts generated by the radicalization of the environmental question as a key social issue of our times. The book is a call to respond to the urgent challenge of reversing the tendency towards the entropic death of the planet and to building a sustainable world order.
Following Spinoza's lead and Latin American environmental thought, this book imagines an embodied environmental ethics based on the relations between sentient beings and sustained by affections, sensibility, the senses, and contact. Engaging embodied, cognitive, phenomenological, aesthetic and psychoanalytic aspects of affectivity, Omar Felipe Giraldo and Ingrid Fernanda Toro help us understand how places inhabit us, and therefore, how places transformed lovingly have the immense capacity to modify the body, to redirect desire, to clarify our sensibility – creating an affectivity in direction opposition to the regime imposed by this global ecocidal capitalism. For the authors, the environmental crisis is more than a technological or economic problem. They see it as a threat to survival inscribed in the deepest foundations of our body, in the intimacy of our skin, in the intensity and tone of our affections, in our desires, in our perceptions and in our sensory-motor capacities. Hence, the immense need to dismantle this system of power embedded in the intimacy of our body and to cultivate a perceptual transformation guided by an empathic knowledge that leads to a different understanding of our belonging in that which exceeds us. This book is a vital manifesto on the political role of affects, an invitation to awaken the sensitive perception anesthetized by the ecologies of cruelty, and an urgent call to understand differently our place in the cosmos in the midst of this war that our civilization has declared on life.
This important new book argues that at the root of the contemporary crisis of climate, energy, food, inequality, and meaning is a certain core presupposition that structures the ways in which we live, think, act and design: the assumption of dualism, or the fundamental separateness of things. The authors contend that the key to constructing livable worlds lies in the cultivation of ways of knowing and acting based on a profound awareness of the fundamental interdependence of everything that exists – what they refer to as relationality. This shift in paradigm is necessary for healing our bodies, ecosystems, cities, and the planet at large. The book follows two interwoven threads of argumentation: on the one hand, it explains and exemplifies the modes of operation and the dire consequences of non-relational living; on the other, it elucidates the nature of relationality and explores how it is embodied in transformative practices in multiple spheres of life. The authors provide an instructive account of the philosophical, scientific, social, and political sources of relational theory and action, with the aim of illuminating the transition from living within seemingly ineluctable 'toxic loops' of unrelational living (based on ontological dualism), to living within 'relational weaves' which we might co-create with multiple human and nonhuman others.
Building upon the idea that our current "environmental question" arises from the history of metaphysics—which privileged thought about Being (or ontology) over the conditions of life—this book reinterprets Heraclitus’s notion of physis as the fundamental, emergent potency of life, as the category to-be-thought by thinkers. In so doing, it deconstructs the interpretation offered by Heidegger and so stresses the struggle between the creative force of life and its subjection to the human Logos or "meaning". Physis, understood as the pre-ontological potentiality of life itself, thus becomes the cornerstone of a materialist philosophy of life. Following engagements with the work of Nietzsche, Foucault, and Janicaud to explore the significance of human intervention into the realm of life via the "will to power", "biopower" and the "power of rationality" respectively, the author explores twentieth-century rearticulations of the concept of physis through a range of developments in biothermodynamics, thus grounding a new philosophy of life and a new bioeconomics in a revisited biothermodynamics centered on the concept of negentropy. An extensive engagement with the history and development of thought about the generative force of life on Earth, Physis, Biopower, Biothermodynamics, and Bioeconomics: The Fire of Life will appeal to scholars of philosophy, social theory, and political theory with interests in environmental thought, political ecology, and questions of sustainability.
El propósito fundamental de este libro se ubica en recuperar casos exitosos derivados de procesos de transformación institucional, en los diferentes niveles educativos, en los siguientes ámbitos, entre otros: práctica docente, gestión directiva y académica, metodologías de aprendizaje, el curriculum por competencias, los sistemas de tutorías. También se problematiza en torno a temáticas sobre, permanencia y retención de estudiantes en riesgo, acciones de vinculación con la comunidad, estudios sobre la eficiencia terminal, diseño y cambio curricular para una nueva oferta educativa, la implementación de modalidades educativas no convencionales, el diseño e implementación de políticas y programas para la sustentabilidad, equidad de género, la diversidad, los derechos humanos, y, los resultados de reformas educativas. Se pretende, con este tipo de acciones, socializar a las comunidades educativas los resultados de la innovación e investigación que se realizan en diferentes ámbitos territoriales, promover el desarrollo de la teoría relacionadas con el campo de la innovación y cambio educativo, promover el conocimiento de la realidad educativa de la Región Iberoamericana, a través de la difusión de experiencias originales y, conformar redes de académicos por temas de investigación.
WINNER: 2020 International Solid Waste Association Publication Award Among other factors, rapid global population growth, our development model and patterns of production and consumption have increased waste generation worldwide to unsustainable rates. This rise has led to crises in many countries where waste management practices are no longer sound. Global Waste Management outlines the emerging global waste crisis considering the perspectives of developed and developing countries around the world and the international relationships between them. This book provides an ecological viewpoint as well as studying these problems from a legal and justice standpoint. Global Waste Management contextualises the problems faced when dealing with waste including the causes and origins. Focus is given to cross border waste transfer, as an ongoing and controversial practice, making waste management a global matter. This book scrutinizes existing international, European and Brazilian regulation on waste to highlight the complexity of the subject and the weaknesses of the law. Using a critical and socio-ecological approach, the book proposes an original model of governance to support a new system of global waste management that takes into account ecological sustainability and social justice to overcome the waste crisis. To create these models, a theoretical framework on socio-ecological justice is developed and combined with different discourses and theories described throughout the book. This is the essential guide to understanding the global waste crisis and the future of waste management.
La crisis ambiental es un efecto del conocimiento -verdadero o falso-, sobre lo real, sobre la materia, sobre el mundo. Es una crisis de las formas de comprensión del mundo, desde que el hombre aparece como un animal habitado por el lenguaje, que hace que la historia humana se separe de la historia natural. El conocimiento ha desestructurado a los ecosistemas, degradado al ambiente, desnaturalizado a la naturaleza. Las ciencias se han convertido en instrumentos de poder, poder que se apropia la potencia de la naturaleza, y que es usado por unos hombres contra otros hombres: el uso bélico del conocimiento y la sobreexplotación de la naturaleza. Entre los pliegues del pensamiento moderno, emerge una racionalidad ambiental que permite develar los círculos perversos, los encerramientos y encadenamientos que enlazan a las categorías del pensamiento y a los conceptos científicos al núcleo de racionalidad de sus estrategias de dominación de la naturaleza y de la cultura. Este libro va desentrañando el efecto de la racionalidad teórica, económica e instrumental, en la cosificación del mundo, hasta llegar al punto abismal en el que se desbarranca en la crisis ambiental. Muestra las causas epistemológicas de esta crisis, de las formas de conocimiento que, ancladas en la metafísica y la ontología del ente, llegan a desestructurar la organización ecosistémica del planeta y a degradar el ambiente. La racionalidad ambiental se va constituyendo al contrastarse con las teorías, el pensamiento y la racionalidad de la modernidad . Su concepto se fue gestando en la matriz discursiva del ambientalismo naciente, para ir creando su propio universo de sentidos. Este libro es la forja de este concepto.