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Excerpt from A General Introduction to the Natural History of Mammiferous Animals: With a Particular View of the Physical History of Man, and the More Closely Allied Genera of the Order Quadrumana, or Monkeys The earth and the waters display the energy of the creative fiat - they teem with life. To whatever part of Nature's domain we direct our attention, a countless throng of living beings bursts upon our view, and overwhelms us with astonishment. Not only are the woods, hills, and plains peopled by the larger tribes of earth and air, but every leaf has its colony, every drop of water its busy multitude. Varying in size, in form, in structure, and in habits, all, from the gigantic Elephant to the microscopic animalcule, play their assigned parts, and conduce, each in its station, to the order and harmony of nature. Amidst this profusion of life, a due balance of power and number is maintained, by the influence of species upon species. They are destined to act and re-act upon each other, and a law of destruction and renovation is perpetually in operation, by which the proportions of animal existence are preserved in their just equilibrium. Multitudes are doomed to become the prey of others - whole races seem created as though for slaughter; but, great as is the loss, the increase is equivalent, in order to the preservation of the species. Yet, as regards individuals, the instinctive means of attack on the one hand, and of self-preservation on the other, are such, as to equalize their respective chances. Speed, caution, watchfulness, inaccessible retreats, the nature of their clothing, and even its colour, alike protect the timid and the defenceless; while the bolder oppose force to force. Those that are most obnoxious to destruction are the most prolific; their numbers are rapidly recruited: while such as are secure in their bulk, strength, and prowess, only increase in a ratio sufficient to replenish the losses occasioned by accident, or by natural dissolution. Insects, for example, are the common prey of birds and beasts, reptiles and fishes, and, often, of each other; yet who has ever known their numbers perceptibly thinned? at all events, it is unquestionable that the myriads destroyed are replaced by other myriads. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Humans have manipulated and changed the way of life of other mammals for thousands of years. This new second edition of A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals explores recent progress in understanding the origins of domestication and its spread, both biologically and culturally, across the world. The author includes current archaeological evidence for the earliest dating of domestication of each species, reflecting the recent growth of such studies. This second edition is printed in full color throughout.
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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Excerpt from The Standard Natural History, Vol. 5: Mammals In the beginning of the third volume of tills series we have a general account of the anatomy and physiology of the branch of Vertebrata; and here, as an introduction to the class of Mammals, we need only to refer very briefly to some of the special diagnostic characters which separate this group from the other divisions of backboned animals. In this account we have intentionally omitted those features which are common to all ertebrates, and all description of physiological phenomena which, as explained in the ordinary school text-books of human physiology, will apply as well to the whole class of mammals as to man. The Mammalia, the highest class of the animal kingdom, is more distinctly marked off from all other groups than are many of the classes considered in the preceding volumes. While there frequently exists a doubt as to the proper boundaries of some of the lower groups, or their relative importance in the scale of perfection, no such hesitancy is felt regarding the limits or the grade of the mammalia. Even within the limits of the class the orders are all well defined, and in most cases their relative rank is pretty well settled. This superiority of the mammalia over all other classes of the animal kingdom does not imply that every organ is more perfect or better adapted to its purpose, or that every individual is really higher; but that when we come to regard the totality of the organization, and the setting apart of portions of the body for some specific purpose, resulting in an increased differention of organs and an increased complexity of the organism, upon which alone the relative rank of animal rests, the higher rank is at once evident. Thus the human eye, far from being the perfect organ described in some works of a teleological tendency, is less perfect than that of the eagle in many respects, and yet no one would think on this account of placing the bird of prey higher than man. Like all vertebrates, the mammals never have more than two pairs of limbs, but with the exception of some of the aquatic forms (whale, etc.), these two pairs are always present, whence the name in frequent use for the class - quadrupeds. The anterior pair of limbs are never absent in the group. Except in a few forms, to be noted below, the body is covered with hair. The mouth is usually armed with teeth. The heart is four-chambered, and the circulation is complete. The blood is warm and contains non-nucleated red corpuscles. The body cavity is divided into two portions by a transverse muscle, the diaphragm, or "midriff," the anterior portion being called the pleural, and the posterior, or abdominal portion, the peritoneal cavity. The young are born alive, and are afterward nourished by milk, secreted by milkglands (mammce), whence the name of the class. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.