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This book is a comprehensive and positive study of the special pattern of China's industrialization and economic development, covering all of the relevant, main policies (more than one hundred) from 1949 to the twenty-first century.
Small-scale industries in rural areas in China are today an essential element of regional development programs. This monograph analyzes two main development strategies: technology choices in a number of industrial sectors and the integrated rural development strategy.
Viewed mainly as the growth of manufacturing sector as opposed to agriculture and the increased use of inanimate sources of power in the production of goods and services, rural industrialization offers the greatest scope for absorbing the existing and growing labour force outside the field of agriculture. However, rural industrial scene continues to be characterised by the concentration of labour force in agriculture, predominance of traditional crafts, low levels of technology, hereditary mode of production, poor productivity and returns and low labour efficiency and utilisation. Besides glorification of traditional crafts and self-employment, caste-industry nexus, and above all policy bias in favour of agriculture as against industry and large and medium capital-intensive industries as against small village and cottage industries also worked as strong impediments to the development of rural crafts. Drawing from the nationwide experiences, this book examines the problems of the growth and modernisation of rural industries from socio-economic perspectives and probes into the organisational and technology system underlying their production structure with all its implications an ramifications. The reversal of the policy favouring large modern industry sector and the spread of tiny small industries throughout the country with full package of organisational, technical, financial and marketing support in adequate measure have been strongly advocated. In addition, the integration of the development of rural industries with the overall programme of industrialisation was emphasized.
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Rural development in Israel consists of a unique variety of industrialization experiences that may be instructive for many countries at various stages of development. The social, ideological, political, economic, and organizational precepts that Israel's rural settlements are based on lend themselves to many different approaches. This book deals with industrialization patterns in the kibbutz, the moshav, the non-agricultural village, and the Arab village. Prevailing conditions (size and labor force, availability of skills, infrastructure) and objectives (creation of employment, improvement of living standards) vary depending on the specific type of settlement As a result, optimal policy for rural industrialization is different from village to village. The authors give the general background of and define the specific development objectives for each type of village. They review relevant conditions at the local and regional levels; analyze the individual experiences of industrial development; evaluate economic achievement and attainment of development goals; and determine influential factors. The final aim is to reassess Israeli policies and strategies and offer lessons to other countries undertaking rural industrialization.
'The Industrialization of Rural China' highlights the economic & social achievements of the Maoist regime. Using a constructed dataset covering China's 2000 plus counties & complemented by a detailed econometric study of county-level industrialization in the provinces of Sichuan, Guangdong & Jiangsu, the author shows that history mattered.
Rural development in Israel consists of a unique variety of industrialization experiences that may be instructive for many countries at various stages of development. The social, ideological, political, economic, and organizational precepts that Israel's rural settlements are based on lend themselves to many different approaches. This book deals with industrialization patterns in the kibbutz, the moshav, the non-agricultural village, and the Arab village. Prevailing conditions (size and labor force, availability of skills, infrastructure) and objectives (creation of employment, improvement of living standards) vary depending on the specific type of settlement As a result, optimal policy for rural industrialization is different from village to village. The authors give the general background of and define the specific development objectives for each type of village. They review relevant conditions at the local and regional levels; analyze the individual experiences of industrial development; evaluate economic achievement and attainment of development goals; and determine influential factors. The final aim is to reassess Israeli policies and strategies and offer lessons to other countries undertaking rural industrialization.