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Good decisions account for risks. For example, the risk of an accident while driving in the rain makes a reasonable driver decide to slow down. While risk is a large topic in theoretical disciplines such as economics and psychology, as well as in practical disciplines such as medicine and finance, philosophy has a unique contribution to make in developing a normative theory of risk that states what risk is, and to what extent our responses to it are rational. Weirich here develops a philosophical theory of the rationality of responses to risk. He first distinguishes two types of risk: first, a chance of a bad event, and second, an act's risk in relation to its possible outcomes. He argues that this distinction has normative significance in the sense that one's attitudes towards these types of risks - and how one acts on them - are governed by different general principles of rationality. Consequently, a comprehensive account of risk must not only characterize rational responses to risk but also explain why these responses are rational. Weirich explains how, for a rational ideal agent, the expected utilities of the acts available in a decision problem explain the agent's preferences among the acts. As a result, maximizing expected utility is just following preferences among the acts. His view takes an act's expected utility, not just as a feature of a representation of preferences among acts, but also as a factor in the explanation of preferences among acts. The book's precise formulation of general standards of rationality for attitudes and for acts, and its rigorous argumentation for these standards, make it philosophical; but while mainly of interest to philosophers, its broader arguments will contribute to the conceptual foundations of studies of risk in all disciplines that study it.
Disaster losses in the context of natural hazards continue to rise, despite a growing understanding of disaster risks and measures to reduce them. One obstacle to enhancing private and public disaster risk reduction is the influence of the distorted risk perception of laypeople. The book argues for the necessity of public regulations and explores means to mitigate the consequences of such distorted risk perception through legal measures and adjustments to political decision-making in Council of Europe member states, while respecting the value of autonomy and democratic principles. In terms of collective decision-making, the book advocates for the implementation of deliberative fora in the democratic decision-making process to mitigate the influence of distorted risk perception associated with natural hazards. Additionally, the book discusses a range of disaster risk reducing measures that member states may lawfully implement to protect individuals and communities from the consequences of distorted risk perceptions related to common natural hazards. To underscore the merits of strengthening disaster risk reduction from the bottom-up, this book demonstrates how fundamental rights and democratic values impede attempts to increase DRR from the top-down, even in cases where people's risk perceptions are distorted. In doing so, the book addresses the issue of disaster risk reduction in a novel way by exposing how legal and political barriers to disaster loss reduction can be overcome by giving higher priority to mitigating distorted risk perceptions.
Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the lexicon. The demand for a fuller and more adequate understanding of lexical meaning required by developments in computational linguistics, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science has stimulated a refocused interest in linguistics, psychology, and philosophy. Different disciplines have studied lexical structure from their own vantage points, and because scholars have only intermittently communicated across disciplines, there has been little recognition that there is a common subject matter. The conference on which this volume is based brought together interested thinkers across the disciplines of linguistics, philosophy, psychology, and computer science to exchange ideas, discuss a range of questions and approaches to the topic, consider alternative research strategies and methodologies, and formulate interdisciplinary hypotheses concerning lexical organization. The essay subjects discussed include: * alternative and complementary conceptions of the structure of the lexicon, * the nature of semantic relations and of polysemy, * the relation between meanings, concepts, and lexical organization, * critiques of truth-semantics and referential theories of meaning, * computational accounts of lexical information and structure, and * the advantages of thinking of the lexicon as ordered.
In At Risk, Karen J. Swift and Marilyn Callahan examine risk and risk assessment in the context of professional practice in child protection, social work, and other human services. They argue that the tools, technologies, and practices used to measure risk to the individual have gone unquestioned and unstudied and that current methods of risk assessment may be distorting the principles of social justice. Central to this study is an examination of the everyday experiences of workers and parents engaged in risk assessment processes in Canadian child welfare investigations. Going beyond theory, Swift and Callahan highlight how risk evaluations play out in actual interactions with vulnerable people. Pointing out that standardized risk assessment tools do not take factors such as class, race, gender, and culture into account, At Risk raises important questions about the viability of risk management plans that are not tailored to individual situations.
Embark on a journey of self-discovery and transformation with Arnold Bennett's poignant novel, "These Twain." In this compelling exploration of love, ambition, and the human condition, Bennett invites readers to reflect on the complexities of life and the choices that shape our destinies. Join Bennett as he introduces you to the captivating characters of "These Twain," each grappling with their own desires, aspirations, and insecurities. From the ambitious journalist Ernest Quarrier to the spirited artist Lilian Payne, every character's journey is a testament to the power of hope, resilience, and the pursuit of happiness. Through Bennett's richly drawn prose and insightful observations, readers are transported to the vibrant streets of London at the turn of the twentieth century. From the bustling newspaper offices to the bohemian art studios, the city becomes a vivid backdrop for the characters' triumphs and tribulations. Since its publication, "These Twain" has captivated readers with its compelling narrative, memorable characters, and thought-provoking themes. Bennett's keen understanding of human nature and his ability to capture the complexities of the human experience make this novel a timeless classic that continues to resonate with audiences today. Whether you're a fan of historical fiction, literary romance, or simply enjoy a well-crafted story, "These Twain" offers something for everyone. So don't miss your chance to immerse yourself in this captivating tale of love, ambition, and the pursuit of happiness. Order your copy today and prepare to be swept away by the magic of Arnold Bennett's storytelling.
A proven way to manage risk in today's business world Understanding how the risk process works is a critical concept that business professionals must come to learn. For those who must understand the fundamentals of risk management quickly, without getting caught up in jargon, theory, mathematics, and formulas, Practical Risk Management is the perfect read. Written in a clear, fast-paced and easily digestible style, this book explains the practical challenges associated with risk management and how-by focusing on accountability, governance, risk appetite, liquidity, client risks, automated and manual processes, tools and diagnostics-they can be overcome. After finishing this book, readers will have a solid understanding of the risk process, know which issues/questions are of critical importance, and be able to determine how their specific risk problems can be minimized or avoided. Erik Banks (Redding, CT) is currently Chief Risk Officer for Element Re. Prior to that he spent several years at Merrill Lynch in market/credit risk management roles in London, Tokyo, Hong Kong, and the United States. He is also adjunct Professor of Finance at the University of Connecticut, where he teaches MBA students. Richard Dunn (London, UK) works for Merrill Lynch. He single-handedly restructured Merrill Lynch's risk function post in 1998 into its current form.
An authoritative compilation of military history quotes from 2000 BC to the present day. 'A massive compilation casting light not only upon the pain, suffering and sheer insanity of war, but also upon the unique comradeship and exhilaration of battle... this is a valuable addition to the literature of reference.' - The Spectator Peter Tsouras brings 4,000 years of military history to life through the words of more than 800 soldiers, commanders, military theorists and commentators on war. Quotes by diverse personalities – Napoleon, Machiavelli, Atatürk, 'Che' Guevara, Rommel, Julius Caesar, Wellington, Xenophon, Crazy Horse, Wallenstein, T.E. Lawrence, Saladin, Zhukov, Eisenhower and many more – sit side by side to build a comprehensive picture of war across the ages. Broken down into more then 480 categories, covering courage, danger, failure, leadership, luck, military intelligence, tactics, training, guerrilla warfare and victory, this definitive guide draws on the collected wisdom of those who have experienced war at every level. From the brutality and suffering of war, to the courage and camaraderie of soldiers, to the glory and exhilaration of battle, these quotes offer an insight into the turbulent history of warfare and the lives and deeds of great warriors.
Whether you run in the city or on trails, in races or just for fun, you'll find The Runner's Field Manual loaded with practical advice and how-to instruction. As funny as it is useful, this volume covers everything from Dealing With Drivers to Toenail Maintenance, and explores in explicit detail. COMMON THREATS • Urban: The Blackberry-transfixed businessman • Suburban: The bored, angry dog • Trail: The mountain biker who has watched too many Mountain Dew commercials SHOES & GEAR • The Reef Knot: The only knot you need to know • Barefoot Running: Crazy? Or just insane? • The Trash Bag Poncho: Three steps to ultra-cheap rainwear RACE DAY CHALLENGES • Finding the Damn Thing: Not always so easy • Navigating the Aid Station: Pinch the cup • Finish Line Vomit: Hey, it happens Full of charts, illustrations, and more than a few laughs, The Runner's Field Manual is the perfect reference for anyone who loves to run--or wants to learn how.