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What Work Means goes beyond the stereotypes and captures the diverse ways Americans view work as a part of a good life. Dispelling the notion of Americans as mere workaholics, Claudia Strauss presents a more nuanced perspective. While some live to work, others prefer a diligent 9-to-5 work ethic that is conscientious but preserves time for other interests. Her participants often enjoyed their jobs without making work the focus of their life. These findings challenge laborist views of waged work as central to a good life as well as post-work theories that treat work solely as exploitative and soul-crushing. Drawing upon the evocative stories of unemployed Americans from a wide range of occupations, from day laborers to corporate managers, both immigrant and native-born, Strauss explores how diverse Americans think about the place of work in a good life, gendered meanings of breadwinning, accepting financial support from family, friends, and the state, and what the ever-elusive American dream means to them. By considering how post-Fordist unemployment experiences diverge from joblessness earlier, What Work Means paves the way for a historically and culturally informed discussion of work meanings in a future of teleworking, greater automation, and increasing nonstandard employment.
What are hard and soft individualisms? In this detailed ethnography of three communities in Manhattan and Queens, Kusserow interviews parents and teachers (from wealthy to those on welfare) on the types of hard and soft individualisms they encourage in their children and students. American Individualisms explores the important issue of class differences in the socialization of individualism in America. It presents American individualism not as one single homogeneous, stereotypic life-pattern as often claimed to be, but as variable, class-differentiated models of individualism instilled in young children by their parents and preschool teachers in Manhattan and Queens. By providing rich descriptions of the situational, class-based individualisms that take root in communities with vastly different visions of the future, Kusserow brings social inequality back into previously bland and generic discussions of American individualism.
Drawing from the development of individualism in western philosophy and American history, this book constructs a normative theory called authentic individualism. Using the precepts of that theory, it urges organizational leaders to change the way they think about their organizations and their organizations' social function. Students and scholars of political science, social science, public administration, moral theory and organizational theory will find this a useful work. Contents: Introduction to Individualism; PART ONE: A Model of the Individual from Western Philosophy; The Individual of the Ancients; The Individual of the Dark Ages; The Individual of Modernity; PART TWO: A Model of the Individual in the United States; Rugged Individualism of the Revolutionary U.S.; Rational Individualism After Romanticism and Reform; Radical Individualism from Disillusionment and Loss of Faith; PART THREE: Synthesis of Philosophies Toward a More Socially Responsible Individualist in the Third Millennium; Need for a New World View; Changing the Paradigm; Soul of the Third Administrative State; Notes; Bibliography; Index.
This work suggests that it is possible to maintain that Paul had a lively interest in the salvation of the individual, without having to revert to traditional Lutheran interpretations of the text. It focuses on three important texts in Romans.
From the Business Community... "Person-Centered Leadership builds on that foundation of caring for every individual in the organization and takes it to the next level. It features engaging ′people first/team result′ anecdotes from a variety of American companies and straightforward ′how-tos′ for becoming the kind of leader (not just business) that people love to work for and be associated with. We′ll use it as a discussion for one of our upcoming staff get-togethers." --Michael A. Fisher, Premier Manufacturing Support Services "Dr. Plas′s book provides insights into aspects of human behavior that enhance effective management skills. She affirms that respecting employees as individuals with unique talents and needs within the workplace creates a productive atmosphere that results in happier people and higher profits. This book is now required reading for everyone in our firm who manages people. I totally agree with Dr. Plas′s conclusions about competent leadership and its positive impact on all aspects of the individual and the company." --Bill W. Shoptaw, Shoptaw-James, Inc. From the Academic Community.. "I found particularly interesting the insightful comment that past teamwork and TQM efforts are flawed because they have not rewarded individuals. This suggests a new form of team with individual recognition and elaborated roles for members. The key ideas of related individualism, authenticity, and acceptance of strength and weakness provide guidelines for transforming organizations. There are three chapter-long case studies and a number of shorter examples that add much interest to the book. I would recommend the reader to look at the ′person-centered principles′ that accompany the three chapter-long cases in the second part of the book and the ′actions, hints, and cautions′ sections in the boxes in Chapter 13. I found the ideas to be well presented and insightful and the case studies to be rich and interesting. I think the practical suggestions in the final chapter will be helpful to managers who try to apply the book′s recommendations for change." --Joseph Seltzer, Department of Management, La Salle University Why hasn′t TQM (total quality management) worked as well in the U.S. as it has elsewhere? In the United States, employees seem to prefer recognition of individual achievement over recognition of the work team. Could the American cultural emphasis on the individual be a crucial factor? This engagingly written textbook demonstrates that the recent participatory management failures are the result of a lack of appreciation for the cultural role of rugged individualism. Offering an alternative, person-centered leadership, which puts the individual at the very center of the management approach, author Jeanne M. Plas demonstrates effective, psychology-based, person-centered management techniques using contemporary examples--many of them drawn from her research and consulting work with successful U.S. businesses and CEOs. Topics include: A historical overview of the relationship of the individual to the corporation. The response of new leaders to the problem of rapid technological and social change that outpaces the development of cultural attitudes. Illustrations of a variety of person-centered leadership approaches that fit different companies and different managerial styles. Specific strategies that leaders and managers can use to bring out the best in themselves, their associates, and their organizations.
Every day, Americans rub shoulders with the cultures of the world--on the sidewalks of their cities and, increasingly, in small towns and rural areas. As civil discourse becomes increasingly divisive, many long for our nation to better deal with its diversity. Yet Americans also wonder how far the nation can stretch to embrace diversity and still maintain an identity. Ethnic and faith communities, Americans of many varieties, share a fear of losing their traditions. Will the next generation still honor the values of caring for others and contributing to community life? The psychology of individualism that underlies American life is no longer adequate to guide a future filled with diversity. America's children may have wings to soar into the future, but they lack roots connecting them to a shared heritage. Something Greater explores the impact of individualism on American child-rearing practices, and its inability to deal with diversity while sustaining life together in families and communities. By contrasting the intergenerational values of biblical and Chinese communities and current infant research with her own experiences in San Francisco's Chinatown, the author reveals how the living stories of heritage that lie at the heart of human development speak to a deep American hunger for shared values and connectedness in family and community.
ÒChristians are being called upon increasingly to care, counsel, and cure across cultural boundaries,Ó writes the author. Of course foreign missionaries counsel people from other cultures, but so do many pastors - particularly those in urban settings. Because Christian counseling theory presupposes that counselor and counselee share the same culture, the insights of this discipline must be brought together meaningfully with the cross-cultural perspectives of missiology. Counseling Cross-Culturally pioneers this new field. After surveying approaches to counseling in the West and those in the non-Western world, the author develops a theory of Christian cross-cultural counseling. The final part, consistent with the author's broad view of counseling, discusses counseling concerned with the well-being of people, Christian conversion, spiritual growth and development of a Christian life style, and Christian service. Numerous case studies, drawn from a variety of cultures, provide realistic examples of the questions that counselors will encounter. A psychologist who trains Christian workers for cross-cultural service describes this book as Òa helpful, thoughtful study of complex issues surrounding counseling.... It is extremely valuable to expose any missionary candidate to this type of book. It broadens awareness to cross-cultural issues and touches on common problems of missionary-counselors.... Counseling Cross-Culturally is an admirable attempt to integrate a conservative, evangelical theology with the complexities of culture and life.Ó
This book identifies the forces behind the explosive growth in Asian American literature. It charts its emergence and explores both the unique place of Asian Americans in American culture and what that place says about the way Americanness is defined.
Based on the premise that in an era of rapid globalization, while there is a great deal of convergence on many aspects of group processes and interactions across national cultures, it is the understanding and appreciation of the divergence among people of different national cultural backgrounds that make all the difference.