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The history of the Koninklijke Nederduitsche Schouwburg (Royal Dutch Theatre) at The Hague begins in I804. although the theatre did not bear that name until Willem I granted it an annual subsidy a decade later. The present investigation covers the years from I804 to I876 because the company of Royal Dutch Players which was disbanded in the latter year had its origin in the group of actors that gave the opening performance of the new theatre on the K-orte V oorhout in the spring of I804. During the entire seventy-two years there were no important changes of policy at the Royal Dutch Theatre; it was not until I876 that a new period commenced in the theatrical life of the court city and of Holland. Although the Dutch players made frequent appearances in other towns and cities, particularly in Rotterdam and Leiden, the author has limited himself as much as possible to a dis cussion of their activities at The Hague. There is an almost complete absence of newspaper criticism on the Haagsche Schouwburg throughout the first three fourths of the Nineteenth Century, but this lack would be far more serious if the greater part of the period, at least from about I830 to I876, had not been one of theatrical and dramatic poverty . We have enough sources to know that the performances and plays were rarely better than me diocre. The little newspaper criticism available is usually of such an adulatory nature that it can hardly be called helpful.
Opera and the Golden West is a celebration of opera's difficult past in America. It focuses in part on early repertory and how European operatic masterpieces became part of American culture. This book also calls attention to the efforts of American composers as they continually tried to make original contributions to a foreign musical form. Throughout this anthology the contributors use a variety of approaches and styles to analyze the many aspects of opera, and how the form fared in the U.S. In addition to observing where opera has been in this country, this anthology also has an eye to the future. Opera presentation in the coming century may be very different from the current experience. Economics, always a critical factor, may well dictate a different scale of production. Changing tastes in directorial and production values and the expansion of television and video into the home are indicators that a new era has arrived.
In the early nineteenth century over forty operas by foreign composers, including Mozart, Rossini, Weber and Bellini, were adapted for London playhouses, often appearing in drastically altered form. Such changes have been denigrated as 'mutilations'. The operas were translated into English, fitted with spoken dialogue, divested of much of their music, augmented with interpolations and frequently set to altered libretti. By the end of the period, the radical changes of earlier adaptations gave way to more faithful versions. In the first comprehensive study of these adaptations, Christina Fuhrmann shows how integral they are to our understanding of early nineteenth-century opera and the transformation of London's theatrical and musical life. This book reveals how these operas accelerated repertoire shifts in the London theatrical world, fostered significant changes in musical taste, revealed the ambiguities and inadequacies of copyright law and sparked intense debate about fidelity to the original work.