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Over the past four decades, rap and hip hop culture have taken a central place in popular music both in the United States and around the world. Listening to Rap: An Introduction enables students to understand the historical context, cultural impact, and unique musical characteristics of this essential genre. Each chapter explores a key topic in the study of rap music from the 1970s to today, covering themes such as race, gender, commercialization, politics, and authenticity. Synthesizing the approaches of scholars from a variety of disciplines—including music, cultural studies, African-American studies, gender studies, literary criticism, and philosophy—Listening to Rap tracks the evolution of rap and hip hop while illustrating its vast cultural significance. The text features more than 60 detailed listening guides that analyze the musical elements of songs by a wide array of artists, from Afrika Bambaataa and Grandmaster Flash to Nicki Minaj, Jay-Z, Kanye West, and more. A companion website showcases playlists of the music discussed in each chapter. Rooted in the understanding that cultural context, music, and lyrics combine to shape rap’s meaning, the text assumes no prior knowledge. For students of all backgrounds, Listening to Rap offers a clear and accessible introduction to this vital and influential music.
For statistics to be used by sociologists, and especially by students of sociology, they must first be easy to understand and use. Accordingly this book is aimed at that legion of professional sociologists and students who have always feared numbers; it employs much visual display, for example, as an easy way into the data. Also, the book is written in a relaxed and enthusiastic way that reassures apprehensive students without watering down what they must be taught. Classical statistics were developed to meet the requirements of the natural sciences; as such they reflect the more deductive nature of hypothesis development in these sciences. However, they have offered the sociologists little in the way of techniques for exploring messy data in the context of incomplete theories. This book attempts to remedy those weaknesses, and it emphasizes exploratory data techniques which sociologists will find useful in their day-to-day research. The primary characteristics of exploratory techniques discussed by the authors are simplicity, resistance and elucidation. Its coverage is from basic statistics up to multiple regression and two-way anova. The inter-relationship between exploratory and confirmatory techniques is stressed, and, through the alternating presentation of each, the students learn to master data analysis: to be and to feel in control.
Education, which has been at the heart of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region’s history and civilizations for centuries, has a large untapped potential to contribute to human capital, well-being, and wealth. The region has invested heavily in education for decades, but it has not been able to reap the benefits of its investments. Despite a series of reforms, MENA has remained stuck in a low-learning, low-skills level. Expectations and Aspirations: A New Framework for Education in the Middle East and North Africa identifies four key sets of tensions that are holding back education in the region: credentials and skills, discipline and inquiry, control and autonomy, and tradition and modernity. These tensions are shaped by society and are reflected in classrooms. If they are not addressed, MENA will continue to operate at a level below its potential. This report outlines a new framework with a three-pronged approach that can help address these tensions and unleash the potential of education in MENA: • A concerted push for learning that starts early for all children regardless of background, with qualified and motivated educators, and that leverages technology, uses modern approaches, and monitors learning outcomes • A stronger pull for skills by all stakeholders in the labor market and society that involves coordinated multisystem reforms within and beyond the education system • A new pact for education at the national level with a unified vision, shared responsibilities, and accountabilities. Education is not just the responsibility of the education system—it is everyone’s business. The push, pull, and pact framework offers an opportunity for MENA to move forward to reclaim its heritage of a learned region and to meet the expectations and aspirations of its people. The current situation in MENA requires a renewed focus on education, not just as a national priority for economic growth and social development, but as a national emergency for stability, peace, and prosperity.
The present work deals with the period c. 400-185 B.C. which saw grat changes in the political, economic and artistic life of India. Alexander, Chandragputa, Chanakya and Asoka dominate the period. We get vivid pictures of the outstanding events of the period--as of Alexander's conquests and their influence on the cultural life of India, of the fusion of Brahma-Ksatra in the early Mauryan rule after the overthrow of the Nandas and of the rule of Asoka and his successors.The work consists of eleven chapters contributed by eminent historians. The reader would find the chapters on Mauryan Polity, Industry, Art, Religion, Language, and Literature very interesting and instructive.
Here is a rich selection of short, meaningful excerpts from the writings of Bishop Fulton J. Sheen. Forming a collection of landmarks along the way to spiritual peace, each paragraph in this book has been selected for the specific help and guidance it can bring in helping to make life worth living. These brief, perceptive selections from thirty of Bishop Sheen's books reveal a brilliant mind at work as it considers the affairs of men, both spiritually and temporally. Love, hate, frustration, passion, virtue, wisdom, peace--all that goes into the complexity of man's life on earth is considered with rare sensitivity and frequently penetrating humor.