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Romania has weathered the economic shocks from the pandemic, Russia’s war in Ukraine, and the resulting surges in energy and food prices relatively well. Growth has slowed down but is expected to remain fairly robust in 2023 and 2024, supported by investment. Inflation remains notably above target but has been declining steadily through 2023. Fiscal deficits remain too large, although the authorities adopted a fiscal package to limit spending and raise additional revenues.
After a solid recovery from the pandemic, Romania is now, like other EU countries, facing strong headwinds related to the war in Ukraine. Output reached pre-crisis levels in H1 2021 and growth in Q1 2022 was strong. But inflation has risen rapidly, and the external and fiscal positions are weak. The authorities are implementing a support package of energy price caps and subsidies for vulnerable groups.
This book examines the progression of real estate development within the deindustrialization-financialization nexus. It explores the roles it has in semi-peripheral contexts such as Romania, where it overlaps with the process of the transformation of state socialism into neoliberal capitalism, viewed at the intersection of global, national, and local forces. The book focuses on real estate development in Romania as a product and a driver of capitalism. It contributes to ongoing debates in critical urban theories and Marxist perspectives in urban sociology. Focusing on the under-researched East European region, it decenters social research and fine-tunes the political economy theory about state and economic restructuring. The book contains methodological and theoretical insights that are useful in other contexts beyond Romania and Central and Eastern Europe, especially in other (semi)peripheral emerging markets. The focus of critical inquiry into capitalist transformations adopted in this book can also support political activism. It uncovers the varieties of the deindustrialization-financialization nexus in real estate built on the dismantled pre-1990 socialist industrial plants. The chapters describe the advancement of real estate investments across second and third-tier cities, displaying uneven development and subordinate financialization at the intersection of local and global processes and political and economic actors. It will be of interest to researchers and students of urban sociology, economic sociology, political economy, human geography, and political geography. Chapter 3 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.
A comprehensive and engaging new history charting Romania's development over 2000 years from its establishment to the present day.
"Romania 2023: The Ultimate Travel Guide" is the ultimate companion for any traveler looking to explore the hidden gems and rich culture of this beautiful country. From the bustling capital city of Bucharest to the picturesque countryside of Transylvania, this guidebook will take you on a journey through Romania's diverse regions.Filled with detailed information on the best places to visit, from the stunning medieval citadels and fortified churches to the charming villages, this guidebook also provides insider tips on where to find the best food and drink, as well as suggested itineraries for travelers of all interests. With its comprehensive coverage of Romania's history, culture, and landmarks, this guidebook is the perfect resource for anyone planning a trip to this fascinating country. Whether you're a first-time visitor or a seasoned traveler, "Romania 2023: The Ultimate Travel Guide" will help you make the most of your time in Romania and discover the secrets of one of Europe's most captivating destinations.
A vivid, brilliant, darkly humorous and horrifying history of some of the strangest dictators that Europe has ever seen. 'A witty and page-turning narrative full of grotesque characters' Misha Glenny 'Will leave you astonished, exhausted and curious... An unapologetic page turner' Spectator 'Essential reading for anyone interested in Romania past and present' John Simpson 'An engaging introduction to the rich history [of Romania]' New Statesman Balanced precariously on the shifting fault line between East and West, Romania's past is one of the great untold stories of modern Europe. The country that gave us Vlad Dracula, and whose citizens consider themselves descendants of ancient Rome, has traditionally preferred the status of enigmatic outsider. But it has experienced some of the most disastrous leaderships of the last century. After a relatively benign period led by a dutiful King and his vivacious British-born Queen, the country oscillated wildly. Its interwar rulers form a gallery of bizarre characters: the corrupt and mentally unbalanced King Carol; the fascist death cult led by Corneliu Codreanu; the vain General Ion Antonescu. After 1945 power was handed to Romania's tiny communist party, under which it experienced severe repression, purges and collectivisation. Then in 1965, Nicolae Ceau?escu came to power. And thus began the strangest dictatorship of all.
Explore the breathtaking landscapes, rich history, and lively culture of Romania with the essential travel companion, "Discovering Romania: A Travel Guide." Explore the charm of this Eastern European gem's old castles, quaint towns, and spectacular mountainscapes. This 2023 version has been meticulously created to deliver the most current and thorough information, assuring an unforgettable vacation experience. Key characteristics include: Coverage of All Major Cities and Regions: "Discovering Romania" provides a full tour of this unique country, from the busy capital Bucharest to the quaint villages of Transylvania and the stunning vistas of the Carpathian Mountains. Insider recommendations & Local Secrets: Use insider recommendations from seasoned tourists and locals to discover hidden treasures and lesser-known destinations. Discover off-the-beaten-path sites that reflect Romania's original spirit, offering you with one-of-a-kind and enlightening experiences. Cultural and historical insights: Explore Romania's rich history and culture via informative storytelling and historical context. This book brings the country's history to life, from the ancient Dacians through the Roman Empire's impact and the intriguing mythology. Culinary Delights: Sample Romania's enticing culinary traditions, which range from substantial soups and flavorful stews to delectable pastries and fine wines. Explore the country's distinct food markets and learn about the regional culinary delicacies. Outdoor Adventures: "Discovering Romania" reveals a plethora of outdoor activities for the adventurous, including trekking in Transylvania's magical landscapes, animal spotting in the Danube Delta, and skiing in the Carpathian Mountains. Accommodation and transit: Get practical guidance on lodging alternatives ranging from luxury hotels to quaint guesthouses, as well as help navigating the transit network. You'll have everything you need to travel comfortably and effectively, from trains and buses to hiring a vehicle. Festivals & Events: Participate in local festivals and events to immerse yourself in the lively Romanian culture. This guide gives information on the ideal times to visit Romania to experience it at its most active and energetic, from traditional holidays to modern music and arts events. Safety and Travel rules: To ensure a pleasant and worry-free voyage, be educated with key safety recommendations and travel rules. You can travel with confidence if you have up-to-date information on entrance requirements, health concerns, and emergency contacts. "Discovering Romania: A Travel Guide" is your ultimate guide to uncovering the beauty, charm, and enchantment of this enchanting nation, whether you are a history buff, an adventure seeker, a cultural explorer, or just looking for a unique travel experience. Prepare to make treasured experiences that will last a lifetime in the intriguing country of Romania.
With the ideal travel companion, the "Romania Travel Guide 2023," go on an exciting adventure across the captivating landscapes, rich history, and lively culture of Romania. Immerse yourself in the alluring splendor of the Carpathian Mountains, where hidden riches and spectacular landscapes bring old stories to life. Here are some things you will discover inside: Local insider suggestions from experts Current trip information in an easy-to-use format Personalized travel suggestions based on your interests Excellent value for money Cultural observations Safety recommendations Suggestions for eco-friendly travel Insider access to hidden treasures Tools for itinerary planning Romania language tips Festival and event information Suggestions for Solo Travelers Insider tips for families vacationing with kids Budget Travel Money Saving Tips and more While exploring the magnificent boulevards and vibrant districts of Bucharest, a busy city bursting with vitality and charm, learn about its architectural wonders. Explore the ethereal region of Transylvania, where towering medieval castles preserve historical secrets and legends. Discover the charm of the Danube Delta, a UNESCO World Heritage site that is home to a wide variety of species and rugged terrain. This comprehensive book, which is jam-packed with insider advice, thorough maps, and knowledgeable suggestions, is your ticket to remarkable adventures and real encounters in Romania. Let the "Romania Travel Guide 2023" serve as your compass while you explore this magnificent country, whether you're looking for a romantic trip, an exhilarating outdoor adventure, or a cultural immersion. get your copy now and start planning your trip to Romania!
This book explores financial crime and corruption in Romanian society based on a community pulse study. It examines the main behavioral patterns of Romanian society in relation to financial crime variables such as tax compliance, tax morale, corruption in public institutions, and money laundering. The authors also investigate how various demographic aspects (e.g., age, gender, region, professional status, education, etc.) are associated with financial crime. The results of the enclosed survey help policy makers consider best practices in financial governance to reduce the level of financial crime in the region.
Embark on a journey of a lifetime through the pages of "Discover the Beauty of Romania." Immerse yourself in the allure of this captivating country, where ancient history, breathtaking landscapes, and vibrant culture await your exploration.Uncover Romania's hidden gems as you traverse its cobbled streets and embrace its modern cities. From the majestic Carpathian Mountains to the tranquil beauty of the Danube Delta, this travel guide is your passport to diverse experiences that cater to every traveler's desires. Why Choose "Discover the Beauty of Romania: " Unveil the essence of Romania with this comprehensive travel guide that combines practical insights with captivating narratives. Whether you're an intrepid explorer, a culture enthusiast, or a nature lover, this book equips you with the knowledge to craft an unforgettable adventure. Enhance your travel experience, connect with locals, and embrace Romania's unique blend of history, tradition, and modernity. Whether you're planning your dream trip or seeking inspiration for your next adventure, "Discover the Enchantment of Romania" is your trusted companion. 10 things you would learn from this guide: 1). Comprehensive Exploration: Embark on a comprehensive journey through Romania's diverse landscapes, from its picturesque cities to its enchanting countryside. 2). Hidden Gems: Uncover lesser-known destinations and off-the-beaten-path attractions that will provide a unique and unforgettable travel experience. 3). Nature's Majesty: Delve into the breathtaking natural wonders of Romania, including its lush forests, serene lakes, and stunning mountain ranges. 4). Detailed Itineraries: Choose from an array of sample itineraries designed for adventurers, culture seekers, and nature enthusiasts. Craft your perfect journey through Romania's landscapes and experiences that resonate with your expectations 5). Insider Tips: Benefit from insider advice on navigating transportation, savoring local cuisine, and embracing cultural nuances. Navigate Bucharest's bustling streets and remote villages like a seasoned traveler. 6). Cultural Immersion: Immerse yourself in Romania's rich history and vibrant culture. Unearth the stories behind medieval castles, ancient monasteries, and traditional festivals. 7). Expert Guidance: Navigate Romania with confidence using practical travel tips that ensure a smooth and enjoyable journey, from transportation to local customs. 8). Cozy Retreats: Discover a range of accommodation options that blend comfort with adventure, providing the perfect haven after each day of exploration. 9). Nature's Wonders: Dive into the untouched beauty of Romania's natural landscapes. Hike through dense forests, cruise the serene Danube Delta, and bask in the splendor of the Carpathian Mountains. 10). Culinary Delights: Delight your taste buds with traditional Romanian dishes and beverages. From hearty stews to delectable pastries, savor the flavors that define Romania's culinary identity. 11). Language Connection: Learn and use useful phrases to connect with locals, enhancing your travel experience by engaging in authentic interactions. 12). Continued Exploration: Access a wealth of resources for further exploration, including recommended websites and references, ensuring your love for Romania extends beyond the pages of the book. This travel guide promises an immersive and fulfilling journey through the beauty and wonders of Romania. Unlock the secrets of Romania today. Let the enchantment begin. Grab your copy now!!!