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Starting about 1920 it becomes easier to track the growth of bearing materials technology. Until 1955, with few exceptions, comparatively little progress was made in this area. AISI 52100 and some carburizing grades (AISI 4320, AISI 9310) were adequate for most applications. The catalyst to quantum advances in high-performance rolling-element bearing steels was the advent of the aircraft gas turbine engine. With improved bearing manufacturing and steel processing together with advanced lubrication technology, the potential improvements in bearing life can be as much as 80 times that attainable in the late 1950s or as much as 400 times that attainable in 1940. This paper summarizes the chemical, metallurgical and physical aspects of bearing steels and their effect on rolling bearing life and reliability. The single most important variable that has significantly increased bearing life and reliability is vacuum processing of bearing steel. Differences between through hardened, case carburized and corrosion resistant steels are discussed. The interrelation of alloy elements and carbides and their effect on bearing life are presented. An equation relating bearing life, steel hardness and temperature is given. Life factors for various steels are suggested and discussed. A relation between compressive residual stress and bearing life is presented. The effects of retained austenite and grain size are discussed. Zaretsky, Erwin V. Glenn Research Center ROLLER BEARINGS; RESIDUAL STRESS; STEELS; HARDNESS; CARBURIZING; COMPRESSION LOADS; CORROSION RESISTANCE; LUBRICATION; STRESSES; RELIABILITY; MANUFACTURING
Rolling Bearing Tribology: Tribology and Failure Modes of Rolling Element Bearings discusses these machine elements that are used to accommodate motion on or about shafts in mechanical systems, with ball bearings, cylindrical roller bearings, spherical roller bearings, and tapered roller bearings reviewed. Each bearing type experiences different kinds of motion and forces with their respective raceway, retainers and guiding flanges. The material in this book identifies the tribology of the major bearing types and how that tribology depends upon materials, surfaces and lubrication. In addition, the book describes the best practices to mitigate common failure modes of rolling element bearings. - Discusses important tribological implications surrounding the performance and durability of rolling element bearings - Describes how the different types of roller bearings work - Explores the reasons behind the failure of roller bearings and presents information on how to mitigate those failures
The book contains papers from the twelfth in a series of biennial conferences, first held in 1993, on the topics of contact mechanics and surface effects and their interaction. In general, structural components fail by wear, corrosion and fatigue, that is to say affected and initiated by surface conditions. Consequently, it is often appropriate to modify the surface layer of a base material or coat it, so as to provide an enhanced performance or longer life. However, in many cases it is the combined effect of wear and corrosion that is damaging, contributing to complexity in determining the proper approach. The surface treatment chosen should be suitably related to the problem to be solved. The necessary thickness of the coating depends largely on the applied loading and environmental conditions. The papers in the book address novel protective layers for advances in sliding wear and low friction. The contents cover topics such as: Experimental and Measurement Tests; Surface Modification; Surface Problems in Contact Mechanics; Thick and Thin Coatings; Tribomechanics; Computer Simulation.
This book gathers the proceedings of the 16th IFToMM World Congress, which was held in Tokyo, Japan, on November 5–10, 2023. Having been organized every four years since 1965, the Congress represents the world’s largest scientific event on mechanism and machine science (MMS). The contributions cover an extremely diverse range of topics, including biomechanical engineering, computational kinematics, design methodologies, dynamics of machinery, multibody dynamics, gearing and transmissions, history of MMS, linkage and mechanical controls, robotics and mechatronics, micro-mechanisms, reliability of machines and mechanisms, rotor dynamics, standardization of terminology, sustainable energy systems, transportation machinery, tribology and vibration. Selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, they highlight numerous exciting advances and ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster new multidisciplinary collaborations.
This book contains thirty articles on various topics related to the corrosion and protection of metallic materials. This topic is of strong actuality both due to the aging of plants and infrastructures that require checks and maintenance, and to the use of traditional materials in increasingly aggressive environments, added to the need of changing the current anti-corrosion systems with less environmental impact methods. Finally, the new development of innovative materials, such as additive manufacturing or high-entropy alloys, needs the characterization of their corrosion behavior. In this issue, there are works on new alloys obtained for additive manufacturing or high entropy, on the study of corrosion and stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen embrittlement mechanisms, through electrochemical and microscopical techniques, studies on low environmental impact inhibitors and biocides, as well as ceramic and metal protective coatings. Finally, there are works on the study of the residual mechanical resistance of corroded infrastructures and on monitoring and non-destructive control. In this way, the book therefore offers a somewhat varied panorama of research trends in the field.
The book documents Glenn's many research specialties over those 75 years. Among them are early jet engines and rockets; flight safety and fuel efficiency tested in premier icing and wind tunnels; liquid hydrogen fuel which, despite skeptics like aerospace engineer Wernher von Braun, helped the U.S. win the race to the moon; and electric propulsion, considered key to future space flight. Space enthusiasts, aviation personnel, aerospace engineers, and inventors may be interested in this comprehensive and milestone volume. Other related products: NASA at 50: Interviews With NASA\'s Senior Leadership can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/033-000-01360-4 Other products published by National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/550