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Operation Grenade was the Ninth U.S. Army's crossing of the Roer River in February 1945. This study focuses on the 84th Infantry Division which was the northernmost division in the operation. On 23 February 1945, the 84th Division crossed the Roer River in assault boats on a one battalion front. The 84th quickly advanced inland after the successful crossing. The crossing of the Roer River is a classic example of the methodical and deliberate planning process needed for success in a large and complicated operation. The accomplishments of the 84th Division are largely credited to effective reconnaissance and preparation, mission rehearsal, and swift execution of the operation. (Author).
On 21 March 1945 the Fifth Infantry Division was alerted to prepare to launch a surprise night crossing of the Rhine River at Oppenheim, Germany. Despite the haste involved in the assault timing, engineers made elaborate preparations for supporting the infantry and bridging the river. The crossing of the Rhine in assault boats by the 11th Infantry Regiment at 2200 hours on 22 March was lightly opposed and successful. On 23 March other regiments of the Fifth Infantry Division crossed the river and exploitation of the bridgehead began on 24 March. The Fifth Infantry Division crossed the Rhine River without benefit of aerial bombardment, artillery preparation, ground smoke, or airborne assistance. This operation is an excellent example of a well planned and ably executed river crossing by an Army on the move.
Action around the Our River bridgehead in February 1945 by the 6th Armored Division was an effort to divert Germans from an attack by the US XII Corps. Nevertheless, this action provided a basis for penetrating the West Wall. As a follow up to the Allied march across France, the pace was slowed as units neared Germany. The lessons of the combined Arms team in securing and exploiting a heavily defended bridgehead are clearly demonstrated.
“Highly recommended . . . excellent maps, [a] large number of black and white images, and detailed coverage of the subject.” —AMPS After the Normandy breakout, the Allies’ headlong dash east came to a halt in the autumn with the ill-fated Market Garden operation and overextended supply lines short of the Rhineland. After repulsing the Nazis’ daring Ardennes offensive, Montgomery’s and Bradley’s Army Groups cleared the Reichwald and Rhineland and closed on the Rhine. With both sides aware of the strategic significance of this physical barrier, the stakes could not have been higher. Eisenhower’s plan involved a vast airborne assault by General Ridgway’s XV11 Airborne Corps (codename VARSITY) and the simultaneously coordinated river crossing by Monty’s 21 Army Group (codename PLUNDER) with Dempsey’s British Second Army and General William H. Simpson’s US Ninth Army. This superbly illustrated and researched book describes the March 1945 assault crossing involving naval amphibious craft, the air and artillery bombardment, and diversionary attack by the British 1st Commando brigade at Wesel. In concert with VARSITY and PLUNDER, Patton’s US Third Army Group crossed further south. As a result of this triumph of strategic planning and tactical execution, the fate of Hitler’s “Thousand Year Reich” was finally sealed.
Powerhouse I was the name given to the crossing of the Meurthe River in the Vosges of France on November 20, 1944. The commander of VI Corps, Major General Edward H. Brooks, ordered the 3rd Infantry Division to conduct a major assault crossing of the Meurthe between Claire Fontaine and St. Michel. As objective training in river crossing operations progressed over five days, the artillery laid on harassing fires with an effective cover plan. Clear weather also allowed XII TAC to provide close support. Against light opposition, the 3rd Infantry Division crossed the Meurthe on footbridges which were speedily installed by the Engineers. Construction of Bailey and treadway vehicle bridges soon followed. The crossing of the Meurthe River by the 3rd Infantry Division was one of the most successful large-scale river crossing of World War II. Careful preparation, good plans, training, engineer and artillery support combined with weak enemy opposition to assure the success of Powerhouse I and the subsequent disintegration of the German Winter Line.