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In recognition of the importance of road safety as a major health issue, the World Health Organization has declared 2011-2021 the Decade of Safety Action. Several countries in Europe, North America, and Asia have been successful in reducing fatalities and injuries due to road traffic crashes. However, many low-income countries continue to experience high rates of traffic fatalities and injuries. Transport Planning and Traffic Safety: Making Cities, Roads, and Vehicles Safer offers a source book for road safety training courses as well as an introductory textbook for graduate-level courses on road safety taught in engineering institutes. It brings together the international experiences and lessons learned from countries which have been successful in reducing traffic crashes and their applicability in low-income countries. The content is based on lectures delivered during an international course on transportation planning and traffic safety, sponsored annually by the Transportation Research and Injury Prevention Programme (TRIPP) at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. The book is interdisciplinary and aimed at professionals—traffic and road engineers, vehicle designers, law enforcers, and transport planners. The authors examine trends in performance of OECD countries and highlight the public health and systems approach of traffic safety with the vulnerable road user in focus. Topics include land use (transportation planning, mobility, and safety), safety education and legislation, accident analysis, road safety research, human tolerance to injury, vehicle design, safety in construction zones, safety in urban areas, traffic calming, public transportation, safety laws and policies, and pre-hospital care of the injured.
In recognition of the importance of road safety as a major health issue, the World Health Organization has declared 2011-2021 the Decade of Safety Action. Several countries in Europe, North America, and Asia have been successful in reducing fatalities and injuries due to road traffic crashes. However, many low-income countries continue to experience high rates of traffic fatalities and injuries. Transport Planning and Traffic Safety: Making Cities, Roads, and Vehicles Safer offers a source book for road safety training courses as well as an introductory textbook for graduate-level courses on road safety taught in engineering institutes. It brings together the international experiences and lessons learned from countries which have been successful in reducing traffic crashes and their applicability in low-income countries. The content is based on lectures delivered during an international course on transportation planning and traffic safety, sponsored annually by the Transportation Research and Injury Prevention Programme (TRIPP) at the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. The book is interdisciplinary and aimed at professionals—traffic and road engineers, vehicle designers, law enforcers, and transport planners. The authors examine trends in performance of OECD countries and highlight the public health and systems approach of traffic safety with the vulnerable road user in focus. Topics include land use (transportation planning, mobility, and safety), safety education and legislation, accident analysis, road safety research, human tolerance to injury, vehicle design, safety in construction zones, safety in urban areas, traffic calming, public transportation, safety laws and policies, and pre-hospital care of the injured.
Also available online via the Web pages of the TRB Cooperative Research Programs (www4.trb.org/trb/crp.nsf).
In late 1996 and early 1997, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Committee for Highway Traffic Safety, with the assistance of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), and the Transportation Research Board (TRB) Committee on Transportation Safety Management, assembled a group of national safety experts in driver, vehicle, and highway issues from various organizations. The purpose was to develop a strategic plan for highway safety that would impact the nation's present and predicted statistics on vehicle-related death and injury. The participants included a range of stakeholders representing both the private and public sectors. This document contains the AASHTO Strategic Highway Safety Plan that was developed. It not only addresses what some consider the traditional AASHTO concerns for infrastructure, but also driver, occupant, vehicle, and post-crash responsibilities in non-infrastructure areas. Moreover, this major safety initiative is built on safety programs already in existence. The safety strategies are considered cost-effective and acceptable to a significant majority of Americans. A draft implementation plan was also developed for each strategy of the initiative. The critical strategies cover 22 key emphasis areas: instituting graduated licensing for young drivers; ensuring drivers are licensed and fully competent; sustaining proficiency in older drivers; curbing aggressive driving; reducing impaired driving; keeping drivers alert; increasing driver safety awareness; increasing seat belt usage and improving airbag effectiveness; making walking and street crossing easier; ensuring safer bicycle travel; improving motorcycle safety and increasing motorcycle awareness; making truck travel safer; increasing safety enhancements in vehicles; reducing vehicle-train crashes; keeping vehicles on the roadway; minimizing the consequences of leaving the road; improving the design and operation of highway intersections; reducing head-on and across-median crashes; designing safer work zones; enhancing emergency medical capabilities to increase survivability; improving information and decision support systems; and creating more effective processes and safety management systems.
The tool kit will vary among jurisdictions depending on basic legal constraints, community attitudes, road system and traffic characteristics, and resources. The Transportation Research Board (TRB) undertook a study to identify the sources of safety improvements in other countries. Researchers do not have a complete understanding of the underlying causes of long-term trends in crashes and fatalities. Differences among countries are in part attributable to factors other than government safety policies. To identify keys to success, the TRB study committee examined specific safety programs for which quantitative evaluations are available and relied on the observations of safety professionals with international experience. The committee's conclusions identify differences between U.S. and international practices that can account for some differences in outcomes. The committee recommendations, which are addressed to elected officials and to government safety administrators, identify actions needed in the United States to emulate the successes that other countries have achieved. The recommendations do not comprehensively address all aspects of traffic safety programs but rather address areas of practice that are highlighted by the international comparisons and for which credible evidence of effectiveness is available."--Pub. desc.