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Although formal Road Safety Audits (RSA) have become a common review process for large-scale highway development projects throughout Canada, there is a limited understanding of the net safety benefits that they provide. Government entities, with restricted infrastructure budgets, continue to seek evidence that collision reduction methodologies have a significant, economically efficient influence on the safety of highways within their jurisdictions. This study attempted to identify and quantify the impacts that RSAs have had on the design/development of three large, mainly rural freeway projects, with similar fundamental characteristics (e.g., functional classification, cross-sectional geometry, RSA Team, and project budget). This research involved examining and quantifying RSA findings from different project stages (Design, Pre-Opening, and Post-Opening), as well as comparing observed and predicted collision frequencies, in order to develop a better understanding of the safety impacts that may be attributed to the review process. The results of this study indicate that including RSAs in the development process for large Public-Private-Partnership (P-3) projects has significantly reduced the overall frequency of collisions on these types of facilities. It was found that the New Brunswick projects experienced approximately 15% fewer collisions overall (effectively producing a collision modification factor (CMF) of 0.85 for rural freeways), or a reduction of 0.12 collisions per kilometre per year. When the safety benefits were contrasted with the audit costs for each of the three freeway projects, the estimated Benefit-Cost (B/C) ratios ranged from 50:1 to 65:1, and yielded an average ratio of 55:1. Following a sensitivity analysis of discount rates and collision costs, the most conservative overall average B/C estimate was found to be 20:1. The study findings indicate that the savings attributable to RSAs far outweigh the associated costs, confirming that the RSA process is one of the most cost-efficient investments in road safety that a road authority can make. The overall finding of this study, that RSAs can have a significant, economically efficient impact on the safety performance of highway facilities, provides evidence to support increased employment of audit programs in order to develop the safest road networks possible.
Road Safety Audits (RSAs) are an effective tool for proactively improving the future safety performance of a road project during the planning and design stages and for identifying safety issues in existing transportation facilities. To demonstrate the effectiveness of RSAs, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Office of Safety sponsored an evaluation of RSAs at the program and project levels. The aim of these evaluations is to provide State, local, Federal, and Tribal agencies with examples of RSA programs and quantifiable results from specific RSA projects that can help in implementing RSAs and further their growth and success. Nine jurisdictions were reviewed for their unique ability to sustain an RSA program at the State, regional, or local level. Key strategies underpinning the success of these RSA programs are described in this document. At the project level, five RSAs were evaluated to quantify the safety benefit of specific improvements that were implemented as a result of the RSAs. Statistical analyses were conducted using observational before-after methods. Costs of conducting the RSA and of implementing countermeasures are also presented and used in conjunction with the before-after analysis to determine the benefit/cost (B/C) ratio of each project.
Describes the basic research procedures used in the area of driving behavior and highway safety.
The purpose of the Highway Safety Benefit-Cost Analysis (BCA) Guide is to assist transportation agencies in making consistent and sound investment decisions. The target audience includes transportation professionals such as traffic engineers, highway safety engineers, and planners conducting highway safety BCA for projects and programs. This Guide will help these users to quantify the costs, and direct and indirect safety-related benefits of project alternatives. Direct safety benefits include the expected change in crash frequency and severity. Indirect benefits include the operational and environmental benefits that result from a reduction in crashes (e.g., reduced delay, fuel use, and emissions). Readers will understand the methods, data requirements, and considerations associated with BCA. Examples demonstrate the application of the methods in various scenarios, including both site-specific and systemic projects with single or multiple countermeasures. Conducting consistent and reliable BCA will support decision making, optimize the return on investments, and increase the effectiveness of projects and programs.
This book (in three volumes) comprises the proceedings of the Fifth Conference of Transportation Research Group of India (CTRG2019) focusing on emerging opportunities and challenges in the field of transportation of people and freight. The contents of the volume include characterization of conventional and innovative pavement materials, operational effects of road geometry, user impact of multimodal transport projects, spatial analysis of travel patterns, socio-economic impacts of transport projects, analysis of transportation policy and planning for safety and security, technology enabled models of mobility services, etc. This book will be beneficial to researchers, educators, practitioners and policy makers alike.
TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 672: Roundabouts: An Informational Guide - Second Edition explores the planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of roundabouts. The report also addresses issues that may be useful in helping to explain the trade-offs associated with roundabouts. This report updates the U.S. Federal Highway Administration's Roundabouts: An Informational Guide, based on experience gained in the United States since that guide was published in 2000.
The purpose of this manual is to provide clear and helpful information for maintaining gravel roads. Very little technical help is available to small agencies that are responsible for managing these roads. Gravel road maintenance has traditionally been "more of an art than a science" and very few formal standards exist. This manual contains guidelines to help answer the questions that arise concerning gravel road maintenance such as: What is enough surface crown? What is too much? What causes corrugation? The information is as nontechnical as possible without sacrificing clear guidelines and instructions on how to do the job right.