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Like ocean beaches, sheltered coastal areas experience land loss from erosion and sea level rise. In response, property owners often install hard structures such as bulkheads as a way to prevent further erosion, but these structures cause changes in the coastal environment that alter landscapes, reduce public access and recreational opportunities, diminish natural habitats, and harm species that depend on these habitats for shelter and food. Mitigating Shore Erosion Along Sheltered Coasts recommends coastal planning efforts and permitting policies to encourage landowners to use erosion control alternatives that help retain the natural features of coastal shorelines.
Tide gauges show that global sea level has risen about 7 inches during the 20th century, and recent satellite data show that the rate of sea-level rise is accelerating. As Earth warms, sea levels are rising mainly because ocean water expands as it warms; and water from melting glaciers and ice sheets is flowing into the ocean. Sea-level rise poses enormous risks to the valuable infrastructure, development, and wetlands that line much of the 1,600 mile shoreline of California, Oregon, and Washington. As those states seek to incorporate projections of sea-level rise into coastal planning, they asked the National Research Council to make independent projections of sea-level rise along their coasts for the years 2030, 2050, and 2100, taking into account regional factors that affect sea level. Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future explains that sea level along the U.S. west coast is affected by a number of factors. These include: climate patterns such as the El Niño, effects from the melting of modern and ancient ice sheets, and geologic processes, such as plate tectonics. Regional projections for California, Oregon, and Washington show a sharp distinction at Cape Mendocino in northern California. South of that point, sea-level rise is expected to be very close to global projections. However, projections are lower north of Cape Mendocino because the land is being pushed upward as the ocean plate moves under the continental plate along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. However, an earthquake magnitude 8 or larger, which occurs in the region every few hundred to 1,000 years, would cause the land to drop and sea level to suddenly rise.
The purpose of this report is to familiarize engineers and contractors with various establishedmethods of low cost shore protection. It is written for the individual who is knowledgeable in generalcivil engineering design and construction, but not a specialist in coastal engineering or shorelineprotection. This report can be used without other references, but many topics are discussed with onlyminimal detail, so some additional reading may be necessary to gain a better understanding of the text.The Suggested Readingsection at the end of the report lists a full range of readily available books, reports, and publications that are recommended for additional background study
Living Shorelines: The Science and Management of Nature-based Coastal Protection compiles, synthesizes and interprets the current state of the knowledge on the science and practice of nature-based shoreline protection. This book will serve as a valuable reference to guide scientists, students, managers, planners, regulators, environmental and engineering consultants, and others engaged in the design and implementation of living shorelines. This volume provides a background and history of living shorelines, understandings on management, policy, and project designs, technical synthesis of the science related to living shorelines including insights from new studies, and the identification of research needs, lessons learned, and perspectives on future guidance. Makes recommendations on the correct usage of the term living shorelines Offers guidance for shoreline management in the future Includes lessons learned from the practice of shoreline restoration/conservation Synthesizes regional perspectives to identify strategies for the successful design and implementation of living shorelines Reviews specific design criteria for successful implementation of living shorelines Provides detailed discussions of social, regulatory, scientific and technical considerations to justify and design living shoreline projects International perspectives are presented from leading researchers and managers in the East, West and Gulf coasts of the United States, Europe, Canada, and Australia that are working on natural approaches to shoreline management. The broad geographic scope and interdisciplinary nature of contributing authors will help to facilitate dialogue and transfer knowledge among different disciplines and across different regions. This book provides coastal communities with the scientific foundation and practical guidance necessary to implement effective shoreline management that enhances ecosystem services and coastal resilience now and into the future.
RIPRAP is a widely used engineering method for protecting river banks and coastlines from erosion. This book studies the fundamental issues and problems concerned with various aspects of this method of erosion control.
"Provides an integrated approach to coastal dynamics and shoreline protection, aided by the use of specific case studies" -- Back cover.
Text on coastal engineering and oceanography covering theory and applications intended to mitigate shoreline erosion.
Introduction to Bed, Bank and Shore Protection provides students and professional engineers with the understanding and guidance to prevent the erosion of movable beds, banks and shorelines. In a world of rising sea levels and extreme weather conditions, these skills are increasingly important to the engineer as well as the wider community. The book starts with the underlying scientific principles behind hydraulics and soil mechanics and applies them to common practical situations for the protection of coastal and river beds, banks and shores. Based on the author's twenty years of experience, this blend of theory and practice provides the reader with useful knowledge that can be applied to a wide range of situations for the protection of the environment.
Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Coastal Engineering Practice, held in San Diego, California, August 21-24, 2011. Sponsored by the Coasts, Oceans, Ports, and Rivers Institute of ASCE. This collection contains 90 papers that focus on developing solutions to coastal engineering problems and ensuring sustainable coastal development. Papers reflect an emphasis on practical experience and actual projects rather than specific technical and scientific aspects of coastal engineering. Topics include: case histories of coastal projects; sustainable coastal development; erosion and shoreline protection; coastal environment, water quality, and wetlands restoration; coastal hazards and risk management; coastal sediment processes; ports, harbors, and marine transportation; and local, state, and federal involvement in planning, design, and construction of coastal projects. These papers enhance the exchange of real-world experience and thus will be of interest to practicing coastal engineers.
Describes the physics of the coastal ocean, for advanced students, researchers, urban planners, and environmental engineers.