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This book provides a risk-based framework for developing and implementing strategies to manage PCB-contaminated sediments at sites around the country. The framework has seven stages, beginning with problem definition, continuing through assessment of risks and management options, and ending with an evaluation of the success of the management strategy. At the center of the framework is continuous and active involvement of all affected parties-particularly communities-in the development, implementation, and evaluation of the management strategy. A Risk-Management Strategy for PCB-Contaminated Sediments emphasizes the need to consider all risks at a contaminated site, not just human health and ecological effects, but also the social, cultural, and economic impacts. Given the controversy that has arisen at many PCB-contaminated sites, this book provides a consistent, yet flexible, approach for dealing with the many issues associated with assessing and managing the risks at Superfund and other contaminated sites.
Shipyard workers and active duty personnel have the potential to be exposed to various congeners of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) during operational, maintenance and disposal scenarios. On 6 December 1994 the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed a revision of the PCB ruling which would significantly impact Navy O & M costs and limit options for disposal of ships and submarines. The significant drivers to the EPA criteria were assessed. Additional occupational samples were collected to provide a statistically significant data base from which to evaluate possible exposure. No samples were identified with PCB in the vapor phase, therefore, inhalation was not considered a pathway of concern. Dermal exposure was found to be the only potential exposure route. A probabilistic risk assessment was conducted for both shipyard workers and crew members. The level of risk was determined to be acceptable for both active duty and shipyard workers. The approach presented here is applicable for PCB exposure in all three services.
The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicology and adverse health effects information for the toxic substance described therein. Each peer-reviewed profile identifies and reviews the key literature that describes a substance's toxicological properties.
The chemical industry is increasingly faced with problems arizing from chemicals produced during the manufacture of halogenated biphenyls or phenols. Knowledge of these chemicals and their destructive properties is sporadic, and the acute toxicity of this group varies widely. This informative revised edition presents the chemistry, environmental pollution problems, animal toxicology and information about structure-activity relationships. A brief overview is given of worker exposure and occupational illness. The book is divided into three parts: chemistry and environmental contamination; experimental toxicology; and human exposure and effects. Because of the great deal of interest in these compounds much new research work has been conducted since the first edition of this book was published. This revised edition has retained the effectiveness and clarity of the first edition, while being supplemented with new information, condensed old information, and examples of recent incidents.