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Those who study global poverty and ways to reduce it face a perennial set of questions: Do advances in knowledge, research, and technology make a real difference in the lives of poor people? What effect does research have on the poor? Who benefits? The contributors to Agricultural Research, Livelihoods, and Poverty shed light on these questions through a collection of case studies that explore the types of impact that agricultural research has had on livelihoods and poverty in low-income countries.
This study is part of a project on technological change in developing country agricultures. The project's principal objective is to determine whether the structural adjustment and liberalization process is enhancing or impairing the economic and institutional conditions conducive to technological innovation and greater productivity. The studies provide different perspectives on the relationship between economic reform and technological change in agriculture. The study of rice assesses the impact of both the crisis and mismanagement period of the early 1980s and the structural reform of the latter part of the decade on the effectiveness of rice research systems and on the investment in and maintenance of rice research systems. The study concludes that the effectiveness of rice research is governed to a large degree by long and complex sequences of genetic resource packaging and related science and is thus resilient to short-term economic shocks.
Subsistence production: a sign of market failure. Commercialization cannot be left to the market. Household effects of commercialization. Nutrition effects of commercialization. Policy action needed.
Review of recent trends in social science analysis of agricultural research, identifying gaps in research and outlining areas of high potential payoff to future research. The major themes treated in the evolution of theory on the generation and diffusion of agricultural technology since the 1950s are reviewed. A framework is constructed for setting research priorities, including historical, technological, and institutional dimensions. Examples in applying the framework are given and areas of high future payoff are identified. An extensive bibliography, arranged by theme, is also included.