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This volume departs both from approaches to revolution in Latin America that emphasize interests and those that emphasize socioeconomic and political injustice. Rather, it deals with real life, flesh and bone, revolutionary cadres: their thoughts, backgrounds, mentalities, and behavior. Going beyond cliches about Soviet encroachment in Latin America and "injustice breeds revolution," the contributors address the issue of the relationship between leaders and followers in a revolutionary context, seeing revolutionary leaders as the key to articulating and defining the agenda of the "revolution." In contrast to most theorizing, revolutionary leaders almost invariably come from the privileged, even aristocratic classes. The findings raise the issue of how well these leaders actually represent the peoples for which they claim to speak. They also prompt questions about the democratic nature of guerrilla organizations. If the leaders are so far removed, by social background and education, personal experience and ideological articulation, from their followers, how realistic is it to see the Left as a purveyor of progress? Perhaps it is more correct, say the contributors, to see their claims as manipulative tactics directed to resolving a struggle for power among competing elites. The selection of topics ranges from the historical development of revolutionary struggles since Che Guevara (Halperin and Ratliff) to the more specific application and motivation behind them (Ybarra-Rojas and Tismaneanu). Chapters deal with the attempt to define a typology of revolutionary leaders (Radu) and their Western supporters (Hollander). Some authors (Payne, Horowitz) combine .these approaches. Many issues examined in this volume are new, including an analysis of the gap between the internationalist outlook of the leaders and the parochial views of their followers. The violent organizations of the Left in Latin America are shown to be largely the functional result of upper- and middle-class leaders who combine an appeal to the lumpenproletariat at home with support of alienated Westerners to pursue their own elitist agenda.
In contrast to previous studies that have centered on the institutionalization of revolution in Latin America and the Caribbean, Modern Latin American Revolutions, Second Edition, introduces the concept of consolidation of the revolutionary process?the efforts of revolutionary leaders to transform society and the acceptance by a significant majority of the population of the core of the social revolutionary project. As a result, the spotlight is on people, not structures, and transformation, not simply revolutionary transition.The second edition of this acclaimed book has been revised to include new information on the cases of Bolivia, Cuba, Nicaragua, and Grenada, assessing the extent to which each revolution was both institutionalized and consolidated. This edition also boasts expanded coverage on Ch uevara's visionary leadership and an all-new section that addresses the future of revolution in Latin America and the Caribbean. Dr. Selbin argues that there is a strong link between organizational leadership and the institutionalization process on the one hand, and visionary leadership and the consolidation process on the other. Particular attention is given to the ongoing revolutionary process in Nicaragua, with an emphasis on the implications and ramifications of the 1990 electoral process. A final chapter includes brief analyses of the still unfolding revolutionary processes in El Salvador and Peru.
Latin America is a continent with a great deal of poverty, ignorance, and violence. This book describes the problems that plague the region and explains how and why they have gone unsolved. Change can come about only through real and effective participation by men and women in the political and economic activities of their nations. Organized into 3 parts, this volume contains 16 chapters. Part 1, "Four Concepts Toward Understanding Latin America," features chapters: (1) "Ignorance Is at the Root of Problems"; (2) "Endless Poverty"; (3) "The Devaluation of Development"; and (4) "New Meaning of Revolution." Part 2, "Present-Day Latin America: Indicators and Profile," presents the following chapters: (5) "The Ruling Classes of Latin America"; (6) "A Debt Worth Billions"; (7) "Latin America's Ideological Struggle"; (8) "The Population Explosion"; (9) "Urbanization and Population Overflow in Latin America"; (10) "Mass Communications in Latin America"; (11) "The Utopia of Education"; and (12) "Causes of Causes and Incomplete Solutions." Part 3, "Developing Human Potential--a Door Opens Onto Hope," contains chapters: (13) "Education for Living"; (14) "Criteria for Planned Education"; (15) "Achieving Human Potential"; and (16) "A Political Priority." An epilogue, tables of statistical data, and an 81-item bibliography also are included. (DB)
Latin America experienced an epochal cycle of revolutionary upheavals and insurgencies during the twentieth century, from the Mexican Revolution of 1910 through the mobilizations and terror in Central America, the Southern Cone, and the Andes during the 1970s and 1980s. In his introduction to A Century of Revolution, Greg Grandin argues that the dynamics of political violence and terror in Latin America are so recognizable in their enforcement of domination, their generation and maintenance of social exclusion, and their propulsion of historical change, that historians have tended to take them for granted, leaving unexamined important questions regarding their form and meaning. The essays in this groundbreaking collection take up these questions, providing a sociologically and historically nuanced view of the ideological hardening and accelerated polarization that marked Latin America’s twentieth century. Attentive to the interplay among overlapping local, regional, national, and international fields of power, the contributors focus on the dialectical relations between revolutionary and counterrevolutionary processes and their unfolding in the context of U.S. hemispheric and global hegemony. Through their fine-grained analyses of events in Chile, Colombia, Cuba, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Peru, they suggest a framework for interpreting the experiential nature of political violence while also analyzing its historical causes and consequences. In so doing, they set a new agenda for the study of revolutionary change and political violence in twentieth-century Latin America. Contributors Michelle Chase Jeffrey L. Gould Greg Grandin Lillian Guerra Forrest Hylton Gilbert M. Joseph Friedrich Katz Thomas Miller Klubock Neil Larsen Arno J. Mayer Carlota McAllister Jocelyn Olcott Gerardo Rénique Corey Robin Peter Winn
"Secondary Moderns examines Lezama Lima's analyses of Latin American history and culture. The study begins by carefully demonstrating how Lezama breaks with the modern Latin American intellectual tradition that has explored the question of Latin American in terms of an "identity politics," and moves on to a close reading of the theories of aesthetics, representation, resistance, criticism, death, religion, and ethics that Lezama puts forth via his notion of the "American expression." The work concludes by analyzing Lezama's "politics of affirmation" by scrutinizing his writings on Cuba and the Cuban Revolution." "Secondary Moderns represents a thorough analysis of Lezama's cultural project, Latin American twentieth-century thought, and the complex intersection of Latin American studies and the post-Heideggerian philosophical tradition. Refuting labels that have too hastily been attached to Lezama's difficult works - those works have been dubbed "elitist" or "transcendentalist" - the text strives to establish Lezama as one of the great thinkers of historicity in the modern age. For while many critics have suggested that Latin American modernity is born via a reading and rewriting of Western discourses, Lezama's "American expression" is the site where this theory is most radically put into practice. The practice, moreover, permits one to understand not only Latin American cultural theory, but Western thought itself; indeed, Lezama's aberrant reading of the West, by its very aberrant character, reveals aspects of the Western tradition never before explored."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved