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Bringing an empirical, objective approach to a topic that has often been the source of emotional and uninformed controversy, Gentrification, Displacement and Neighborhood Revitalization provides an introduction to major issues in urban revitalization, new research findings, and a discussion of theoretical perspectives. This is the first broad-based survey of a scattered literature that has not been readily accessible. The book's comprehensive introduction leads to informative analyses of new research by sociologists, planners, geographers, and urban studies faculty. A concluding essay examines the present state of knowledge about gentrification and discusses its implications, suggesting future developments and trends.
This groundbreaking book shows how major shifts in federal policy are spurring local public housing authorities to demolish their high-rise, low-income developments, and replace them with affordable low-rise, mixed income communities. It focuses on Chicago, and that city's affordable housing crisis, but it provides analytical frameworks that can be applied to developments in every American city. "Where Are Poor People to Live?" provides valuable new empirical information on public housing, framed by a critical perspective that shows how shifts in national policy have devolved the U.S. welfare state to local government, while promoting market-based action as the preferred mode of public policy execution. The editors and chapter authors share a concern that proponents of public housing restructuring give little attention to the social, political, and economic risks involved in the current campaign to remake public housing. At the same time, the book examines the public housing redevelopment process in Chicago, with an eye to identifying opportunities for redeveloping projects and building new communities across America that will be truly hospitable to those most in need of assisted housing. While the focus is on affordable housing, the issues addressed here cut across the broad policy areas of housing and community development, and will impact the entire field of urban politics and planning.
Page 8 of 36 5 Report Objectives and Methodology 5.1 Objectives The main objective of this report is to develop a greater understanding of the circumstances surrounding gentrification and best practices to mitigate the negative impacts of gentrification. [...] These strategies include: • Affordable housing policies • Economic development strategies • Education of residents • Community organization and visioning involvement • Community control of public assets • Community cohesion The discussion of each strategy will include an explanation of the strategy, a review of relevant case study examples, and a summarization of the advantages and obstacles assoc [...] Page 15 of 36 Downtown Eastside (DTES), Vancouver: is currently undergoing immense revitalization efforts and the City of Vancouver, Province of British Colombia and the Federal government of Canada have created the Vancouver Agreement, to address the issues of this community. [...] The primary goal is "to reduce poverty and increase the self-reliance of the community by creating an economy that is capable of sustaining the needs and aspirations of the community" (Vancouver Agreement, 2000). [...] Page 21 of 36 • creating new opportunities for affordable housing development, • preserving existing affordable housing and preventing displacement of low- and moderate-income people, • preserving the economic diversity of our neighborhood, and • slowing the rise of rents and housing costs (JPNDC, n.d.) It aims to bring awareness to the residents about the housing crisis and empower local resident.
"Urban populations are on the rise, fueling a welcome rejuvenation of U.S. cities, many of which have been decaying since the suburban boom of the mid-twentieth century. But such renewal has resulted in the displacement of original residents, who can no longer keep pace with rising rents. Gentrification is often blamed for contributing to the housing crisis, but what about the improvements it has brought to America's cities? The diverse perspectives in this volume explore the different effects of gentrification and imagine solutions for accommodating everyone in this changing urban landscape"--Provided by publisher.
The revitalization of the South Bronx over the last thirty years has been fundamentally shaped by contradiction and struggles over the nature of revitalization itself. In this dissertation, I develop a framework for and a history of the politics of revitalization in the South Bronx. Two conflicting visions of revitalization emerged out of the crisis of the 1970s. Radical and left-liberal visions of revitalization were based on a deep distrust of for-profit landlords and the dynamics of real estate markets inspired by the dramatic abandonment of the South Bronx by landlords and banks in the 1970s. This type of revitalization has involved the creation of alternative ownership structures and housing practices to give South Bronx residents, organizations and communities and some measure of autonomy from external forces causing poverty, exploitation and housing abandonment. A more politically moderate vision of revitalization influenced by the city's neoliberal turn after the fiscal crisis of 1974-5 advocates the repair of real estate markets with subsidies and appropriate regulation so that the power of the private sector can be harnessed to rebuild devastated neighborhoods, and so those neighborhoods can benefit the city through tax revenues and housing for workers and the homeless. This largely state-sponsored form of revitalization has involved the creation of flows of capital through government subsidies, fostering the growth of a responsible for-profit landlord class, and facilitating complex public-private partnerships to produce affordable housing. Both of these strands of revitalization were included in the institutions the New York City government developed in the late 1970s to revitalize devastated neighborhoods. Radical forms of revitalization have been included because there were few alternatives in neighborhoods abandoned by landlords and banks. Policymakers often preferred working with for-profit actors when and where possible, and the moderate vision of revitalization has gained ground over the last thirty years. A Bronx-specific revitalization was proposed by Bronx officials, planners and boosters in the late 1980s to reverse the tendency for the Bronx to be used as a regional dumping ground for unwanted people and uses. To achieve this, Bronx planners proposed transformative, large-scale redevelopment, including the redevelopment of the residential neighborhood of Melrose Commons. Melrose residents would have been displaced by the original plan, but they protested, organized very effectively, and demanded to be included in the prosperity finally planned for their neighborhood. Because the Bronx revitalization coalition was internally contradictory, the resident activists and planning professionals were able to develop a collaborative planning process. They proposed a hybrid revitalization where existing Melrose residents were the basis for future growth. This struggle brought to the fore the question of whether existing Bronx residents would be the basis of revitalization, or if their removal would be. Struggles around revitalization are structured by the funding mechanisms that provide the capital needed. Because those funding mechanisms are constructed, they are a potential site of struggle. In the 1990s, a flow of capital into revitalization was created by forging a relationship between the financial industry and affordable housing development through the Community Reinvestment Act and the Low Income Housing Tax Credit. The systematization of this flow of capital has contributed to the alienation of revitalization from South Bronx residents and organizations, and it has become a site of contestation. Like gentrification, the revitalization of the South Bronx has been a part of the return of capital, people and industry to the city. My dissertation begins to answer the question of how revitalization and gentrification relate to each other by examining the politics of revitalization, specifically the extent to which South Bronx residents, especially poor and working class residents, are able to shape revitalization efforts and fight their own displacement.
Public participation in the housing permitting process empowers unrepresentative and privileged groups who participate in local politics to restrict the supply of housing.
"Generation Priced Out is a call for action on one of the most talked about issues of our time: how skyrocketing rents and home values are pricing out the working and middle-class from urban America. Telling the stories of tenants, developers, politicians, homeowner groups, and housing activists from over a dozen cities impacted by the national housing crisis, Generation Priced Out criticizes cities for advancing policies that increase economic and racial inequality. Shaw also exposes how boomer homeowners restrict millennials' access to housing in big cities, a generational divide that increasingly dominates city politics. Defying conventional wisdom, Shaw demonstrates that rising urban unaffordability and neighborhood gentrification are not inevitable. He offers proven measures for cities to preserve and expand their working- and middle-class populations and achieve more equitable and inclusive outcomes. Generation Priced Out is a must-read for anyone concerned about the future of urban America"--Provided by publisher