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Ten synapomorphies are described that support the proposed sister group relationship of the Eocene Kushlukiidae and the Eocene to Recent Luvaridae as the superfamilial clade Luvaroidea at the node between the siganid and zanclid+acanthurid clades of acanthuroid fishes. The Kushlukiidae previously have been known only on the basis of Kushlukia permira Danilchenko from the Eocene of Turkmenistan, but another species of that age is shown to have been present in India; the latter is not given a new specific name because the two specimens of it are only fragments. In addition to the well known Recent species Luvarus imperialis, three fossil species have been referred to the Luvaridae: Proluvarus necopinatus Danilchenko from the Eocene of Turkmenistan is here recognied as a valid species of Luvarus, with Proluvarus becoming a junior synonym of Luvarus; Eoluvarus bondei Sahni and Choudhary from the Eocene of India is shown to be not a luvarid but, rather, a member of the fossil perciform family Exelliidae, the affinities of which family are poorly understood; Luvarus praeimperialis Arambourg from the Oligocene of Iran is shown to be not a luvarid but, rather, a representative of the new genus Aluvarus of such uncertain affinity that we simply place it incertae sedis among the percomorphs. Among the materials used by Danilchenko in the description of Proluvarus necopinatus only the holotype and the five other largest specimens (about 326-495 mm SL) represent that species. All of the other specimens are smaller than about 215 mm SL and represent two new species of a new genus of luvarid, Avitoluvarus dianae and A. mariannae. Numerous derived features are used to define both the Kushlukiidae and Luvaridae. Within the Luvaridae, the preponderance of derived features is found in Luvarus, whereas Avitoluvarus has only two unequivocal synapomorphies. The Luvaroidea, therefore, are represented by the Eocene Kushlukiidae with one genus and two species (Kushlukia permira and K. sp.) and the Luvaridae with one Eocene genus with two species (Avitoluvarus dianae and A. mariannae) and one genus, Luvarus, with one Eocene species, L. necopinatus, and one Recent species, L. imperialis.
Reef fish spawning aggregations, ranging from small groups to many tens of thousands of individuals, are spectacular but poorly known natural phenomena whereby fish assemble at specific times and locations to spawn. For some species these large groups may be the only form of reproduction, the high fish numbers briefly giving a false impression of stability and abundance—an ‘illusion of plenty’. They are often a focus for intensive seasonal fishing because of their predictability and because many important commercial fishes form them. Highly vulnerable to overexploitation, many aggregations and their associated fisheries, have disappeared or are in decline. Few are effectively managed or incorporated into protected areas. Aggregations are not well understood by fishery scientists, managers and conservationists and their significance little appreciated by fishers or the wider public. To ensure their persistence to replenish important fisheries in coral ecosystems, maintain their ecosystem function and continue to delight divers, a significant change in perspective is needed to foster protection and management. This book provides comprehensive and practical coverage of the biology, study and management of reef fish aggregations, exploring their how, when, where, and why. It explores ways to better protect, study, manage and conserve them, while identifying key data gaps and questions. The text is extensively illustrated with many unique, never before published, photographs and graphics. Case studies on over 20 interesting and important fishes are included, outlining their biology and fisheries and highlighting major concerns and challenges.
It is perhaps because fishes live in a buoyant medium, whether it be fresh or sea water, that they show a diversity in body shapes that is unparalleled by other vertebrates. There is also a unique diversity in the modes of reproduction, whether by external or internal fertilization, and this, with the morphology and fine structure of the reproducti
Ever-increasing interest in oceanography and marine biology and their relevance to global environmental issues creates a demand for authoritative reviews summarising the results of recent research. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review has catered to this demand since its founding by the late Harold Barnes fifty years ago. Its objective
Oceanography and Marine Biology: an Annual Review considers basic areas of marine research, returning to them when appropriate in future volumes, and deals with subjects of special and topical importance in the field of marine biology. The thirty-sixth volume follows closely the objectives and style of the earlier well recieved volumes, conti
The second volume in the Fauna Malesiana book series gives an extensive overview of the larval development of 124 families of fishes, many of them of importance for both fishery and from ecological perspectives. The families that are described originate from the center of global marine biodiversity: the tropical Indo-Pacific Oceans, a region rich in coral reefs, as well as mangrove, estuarine, and coastal shelf habitats. The identification guide not only documents the ontogeny of these fishes but also provides the means to identify these extraordinarily diverse larvae to the level of family. The book offers a wealth of instructive and detailed figures and illustrations (219 plates, each consisting of approximately 4 figures) for enabling the identification of these families and their larval specialization.
Tropical estuaries are among the most modified and threatened of aquatic environments, supporting innumerable fisheries essential to the regions in which they occur. This book synthesizes the wealth of data available in this area, much of it being brought together by Stephen Blaber for the first time. It will provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the fishes, the environments in which they live, and the management of biologically healthy estuaries and sustainable fisheries.
Coral Reef Fishes is the successor of The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs. This new edition includes provocative reviews covering the major areas of reef fish ecology. Concerns about the future health of coral reefs, and recognition that reefs and their fishes are economically important components of the coastal oceans of many tropical nations, have led to enormous growth in research directed at reef fishes. This book is much more than a simple revision of the earlier volume; it is a companion that supports and extends the earlier work. The included syntheses provides readers with the current highlights in this exciting science. * An up-to-date review of key research areas in reef fish ecology, with a bibliography including hundreds of citations, most from the last decade * Authoritative and provocative chapters written to suggest future research priorities * Includes discussions of regulation of fish populations, dispersal or site fidelity of larval reef fishes, sensory and motor capabilities of reef fish larvae, and complexities of management of reef species and communities
Analysis of Genetic Variation in Animals includes chapters revealing the magnitude of genetic variation existing in animal populations. The genetic diversity between and within populations displayed by molecular markers receive extensive interest due to the usefulness of this information in breeding and conservation programs. In this concept molecular markers give valuable information. The increasing availability of PCR-based molecular markers allows the detailed analyses and evaluation of genetic diversity in animals and also, the detection of genes influencing economically important traits. The purpose of the book is to provide a glimpse into the dynamic process of genetic variation in animals by presenting the thoughts of scientists who are engaged in the generation of new idea and techniques employed for the assessment of genetic diversity, often from very different perspectives. The book should prove useful to students, researchers, and experts in the area of conservation biology, genetic diversity, and molecular biology.