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Varying degrees of environmental impact by sewage sludge disposals alternatives, present challenges for waste management practice and policy. Many regulating bodies throughout the world are implementing measures which actively promote environmentally sound and economically viable routes to convert this waste into a valuable resource. These provide opportunities, but at the same time, given the nature of the material and obstacles that may exist, require that responsible and proven practices are followed. This book presents the proceedings of an International Symposium organised by the Concrete Technology Unit, University of Dundee, which brings together some of the worlds leading experts in the field of sewage sludge recycling.
This book reviews the practice of reclaiming treated municipal wastewater for agricultural irrigation and using sewage sludge as a soil amendment and fertilizer in the United States. It describes and evaluates treatment technologies and practices; effects on soils, crop production, and ground water; public health concerns from pathogens and toxic chemicals; existing regulations and guidelines; and some of the economic, liability, and institutional issues. The recommendations and findings are aimed at authorities at the federal, state, and local levels, public utilities, and the food processing industry.
This publication provides basic information about pathogens and describes why pathogen control is required to protect public health and the environment, and discusses the current federal requirements under Subpart D and Part 503. It reviews the different PFRP and PSRP processes and discusses vector attraction reduction issues. It goes on to summarize sampling and analysis protocols used to meet the quantitative requirements of Part 503 and outlines the process for applying for equivalency and discusses the kind of support EPA's Pathogen Equivalency Committee can provide to permitting authorities. This work lists general references and additional resources related to biosolids use; specific references related to particular topics are also included at the end of each chapter and lists EPA and state sewage sludge coordinators, and Appendix B contains Subpart D of the Part 503 regulation.