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The pulp and paper industry produces large volumes of effluent containing, among other things, dark brown lignin and lignin degradation products. The exact nature of the chromophoric (colour causing) groups in the wastes and the effects of these colour bodies on the aquatic environment are not known. However, developmental work on several processes for colour reduction has reached full scale application and colour removal is now required in many local areas for various reasons. Colour reduction can be achieved by either technical changes within the mill or by effluent treatment systems. In-plant modification can range from simple, inexpensive measures such as pulp washing and better "housekeeping" practices, to complex technological changes such as implementation of oxygen bleaching. While in-plant changes should be considered and implemented as a first preference, external treatment may often still be required. There are a large number of external treatment methods which are known to be technically feasible for colour removal from pulp and paper mill effluents.
Pulp and Paper Industry: Emerging Waste Water Treatment Technologies is the first book which comprehensively reviews this topic. Over the past decade, pulp and paper companies have continued to focus on minimizing fresh water use and effluent discharges as part of their move towards sustainable operating practices. Three stages—basic conservation, water reuse and water recycling—provide a systematic approach to water resource management. Implementing these stages requires increased financial investment and better utilization of water resources. The ultimate goal for pulp and paper companies is to have effluent-free factories with no negative environmental impact. The traditional water treatment technologies that are used in paper mills are not able to remove recalcitrant contaminants. Therefore, advanced water treatment technologies are being included in industrial wastewater treatment chains aiming to either improve water biodegradability or its final quality. This book discusses various measures being adopted by the pulp and paper industry to reduce water consumption and treatment techniques to treat wastewater to recover it for reuse. The book also examines the emerging technologies for treatment of effluents and presents examples of full-scale installations. - Provides thorough and in-depth coverage of advanced treatment technologies which will benefit the industry personnel, pulp manufacturers, researchers and advanced students - Presents new treatment strategies to improve water reuse and fulfill the legislation in force regarding wastewater discharge - Presents viable solutions for pulp and paper manufacturers in terms of wastewater treatment - Presents examples of full-scale installations to help motivate mill personnel to incorporate new technologies
This book presents a state-of-the-art report on the treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents using anaerobic technology. It covers a comprehensive range of topics, including the basic reasons for anaerobic treatment, comparison between anaerobic and aerobic treatment, effluent types suitable for anaerobic treatment, design considerations for anaerobic treatment, anaerobic reactor configurations applied for treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents, present status of anaerobic treatment in pulp and paper industry, economic aspects, examples of full scale installations and future trends.
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.
Natural Water Treatment Systems for Safe and Sustainable Water Supply in the Indian Context is based on the work from the Saph Pani project (Hindi word meaning potable water). The book aims to study and improve natural water treatment systems, such as River Bank Filtration (RBF), Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR), and wetlands in India, building local and European expertise in this field. The project aims to enhance water resources and water supply, particularly in water stressed urban and peri urban areas in different parts of the Indian sub-continent. This project is co-funded by the European Union under the Seventh Framework (FP7) scheme of small or medium scale focused research projects for specific cooperation actions (SICA) dedicated to international cooperation partner countries. Natural Water Treatment Systems for Safe and Sustainable Water Supply in the Indian Context provides: an introduction to the concepts of natural water treatment systems (MAR, RBF, wetlands) at national and international level knowledge of the basics of MAR, RBF and wetlands, methods and hydrogeological characterisation an insight into case studies in India and abroad. This book is a useful resource for teaching at Post Graduate level, for research and professional reference."
Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control integrates industrial chemistry with pollution control and environmental chemistry. This unified approach provides practicing professionals and consultants with a concise yet authoritative handbook covering the Key Features, relative importance, and environmental impact of currently operating chemical processes. It also meets the critical needs of students training for industrial careers.Handbook of Chemical Technology and Pollution Control considers community, municipal, power generation, industrial, and transportation components of environmental impact. The book covers the major inorganic and organic commodity chemicals; aluminum, iron and steel, and copper prodution; pulp and paper; fermentation; petroleum production and refining. It also includes key topics and process details for major peterochemicals and large-scale consumer and engineering polymers. This single, convenient volume describes aspects of recycling at the industrial and post-consumer levels, and emphasizes a quantitative approach as used in the author's well-known lifecycle work with disposable and reusable cups.0-12-350811-8Key Features* Covers historical background and new developments in a single, authoritative handbook* Presents integrated treatment of chemical technology with emission control chemistry* Includes tables throughout that give current and trend data* Considers community, municipal, power generation, industrial, and transportation components of environmental impact* Provides many references to further reading* Contains review questions that offer working experience with the information and concepts