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What is introspection? Does introspection deliver theoretically valuable information about the mind? There is a long history in philosophy and psychology of using introspection to gather data about the mind. Introspection is often held to constitute our best and only direct access to consciousness and hence to be essential to any investigation of the conscious mind. Equally longstanding and widespread, however, are critical concerns that introspection is highly susceptible to interference, which, together with its privacy, renders it unreliable as a source of data about the mind. Maja Spener offers an understanding of introspection that clarifies its epistemic importance in theorising about the mind. In particular, seemingly overwhelming concerns about the reliability of introspection are transformed into something methodologically more tractable. Central to the approach put forward in the book is the distinction between introspection as inquiry and introspection as mental capacity - between introspective method and introspective access. The first part of the book articulates, defends, and applies a novel framework for the systematic assessment of the potential and limitations of introspective methods. The framework is historically motivated, drawing on insights from key figures in early scientific psychology (especially Wilhelm Wundt, William James, and Georg Elias Müller) whose used and discussed introspective methods extensively. The second part of the book develops a composite pluralism about introspective access, showing how different modes of introspective access fit into the common sense and scientific pictures of our minds. Key to this pluralist account is the explanatory role introspection plays in our agency.
'Behavioural methods in consciousness research' is the first book of its kind, providing an overview of methods and approaches for studying consciousness. The chapters are written by leading researchers and experts who describe the methods they actually use in their own studies, along with their pitfalls, problems, and difficulties
Hardened survivor and critical thinker, Cory Johnson offers a new alternative to the way many of us go about living our lives. Here he will present some tried-and-true, firsthand techniques he utilized to ensure that his past circumstances never again became his present reality. Although he is coming from a vantage point of someone incarcerated or recently thereof, these techniques can be used preemptively or for someone who just wants to get the best out of their life. He emphasizes the importance of mental fortitude as an actionable muscle we can either choose to strengthen or allow to grow feeble. He outlines the actions he took to build his mental toughness in hopes that these techniques would be useful to you as well, whether by actually putting them into practice or by sparking you to implement your own regimen. This book examines the power of self-discipline, the rewards of delayed gratification, and the strength of perseverance. He urges everyone to understand the importance of starting right now. Wherever you are in your life, the moment to begin bettering yourself is at this very moment. There's no better time than the present, so why wait! If you want to open the doors to a new you, this book should be your constant companion!
This Manual is designed to be used as a compliment to and in conjunction with my book, Your Better Self: A Simple Guide to Where You Want to Be. It can most certainly be read by itself as a proper book in its own right. However, there are allusions and references to content in the book such that some of the content of this Manual might appear incomplete. The purpose of the book is to offer scenarios and stories slices of real life so that readers can self-identify the specific areas of life they need to work on so they can increase their motivation and energy to straightforwardly manifest their worthy aspirations and more quickly become their better Selves. The purpose of this Manual is to be a companion to the book, offering additional content, stories, resources, tools and exercises to help readers delve more deeply into those areas of opportunity to improve themselves. Taken together, the book and this Manual provide all that is needed to begin to more rapidly and easily become your better Self and get what you really want in your life. When you read a chapter in the book that beckons you to explore that particular theme of life at a deeper level, pick up this Manual and go to that same chapter (the Manual has the same chapter names and sequence as the book) and read the additional content. More importantly, be sure to do the exercises as these will help you get clearer on the specific and unique ways YOU can become YOUR better Self.
The volume includes Mark Twain's previously published philosophical writing. Fictional pieces (even some which develop arguments contained here) are ordinarily excluded, as are other works appropriate to different volumes in this edition. However, "Letter from the Recording Angel," "The Five Boons of Life," and "Letters from the Earth," although they are in a strict sense fictional, have been judged more relevant to the present volume that to the volumes of short fiction. "Things a Scotsman Wants to Know," previously unpublished, is included by agreement with the editor of The Mark Twain Papers, as being especially relevant to themes of this volume. Other unpublished items appear as supplements because of their close relation to What Is Man?, Christian Science, and " 'The Turning Point of My Life.' " The two works that break off with unfinished sentences, "Bible Teaching and Religious Practice" and the introductory section of "Letters from the Earth," were abandoned by the author or else their endings have been lost. The order of works in this volume is according to date of publication or, for those unpublished during the author's lifetime, date of composition. For works published during his lifetime, dates of first publication appear in roman type below titles; for works first published after his death, date are in italics and indicate time of composition.
What does it mean to be rational to reason well and effectively? How does rationality, broadly conceived, relate to the knowledge one acquires, the beliefs one forms, the explanations one constructs or appropriates, the judgments and decisions one makes, the values one adopts? What is the character of human reasoning and, in particular, does it t
This book examines the topic of communication strategies, the ways in which people seek to express themselves or understand what someone else is saying or writing. Typically, the term has referred to the strategies that non-native speakers use to address the linguistic and pragmatic problems encountered in interactions with native and non-native speakers of the language in question. Studies adopting a psycholinguistic perspective are well represented and updated in this volume. Other chapters re-examine communication strategies from a sociolinguistic perspective, exploring the strategies non-native speakers and their conversational partners use to create shared meanings in ongoing discourse. These studies reveal how communication strategies can serve to construct participants' identities and social relationships. Finally, the book incorporates a number of chapters which cover strategy-like behaviour in other related areas, such as language pathology, child bilingualism, normal native adult interaction, and mother tongue education. These studies add fresh dimensions to the study of communication strategies, showing how the concept can usefully be extended beyond the realm of second language acquisition and use, and pointing out the commonalities in many domains of language behaviour.
Moments, One Woman's Soul-Baring Journey through Poetry is a book that includes my experiences and the experiences of others, which were tragic, inspirational, or soul-searching experiences that have made a difference in my life. Hopefully, the poetry in this book will have a positive impact that will inspire reflection, encourage change, and in some instances, heal wounded hearts and souls.