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Esta investigación estudia los retos que enfrentan las personas jóvenes que residen en sectores empobrecidos de Puerto Rico para lograr su inserción en un mundo del trabajo caracterizado por una seria crisis fiscal y un mercado laboral precarizado que genera empleos insuficientes. Dicha crisis, que experimenta Puerto Rico desde las últimas décadas, se manifiesta con el incremento en las tasas de desempleo, la baja tasa de participación laboral y el estancamiento en la reducción de los índices de pobreza. Las estadísticas reflejan que la población más afectada es la de jóvenes; particularmente, quienes provienen de comunidades empobrecidas. Este grupo queda en una situación de vulnerabilidad, en riesgo de exclusión e invisibilizado por las políticas públicas. Este trabajo se enmarca en una perspectiva teórica crítica y el adultocentrismo como categoría opresiva bajo la cual se adscriben las políticas de juventud, que se explica a través del constructivismo estructuralista de Bourdieu. Además, se utilizaron los conceptos de precariedad laboral y exclusión como ejes de investigación. Para el análisis de las políticas se utilizó un marco anti-opresivo y con enfoque de derechos humanos. Uno de los objetivos de esta investigación fue identificar y analizar las experiencias de jóvenes de 21 a 29 años provenientes de sectores empobrecidos, en torno a las circunstancias que les facilitan o les limitan participar del mercado laboral. Además, se auscultaron las percepciones y experiencias de personas dedicadas a la administración y ejecución de políticas públicas dirigidas a lograr la inserción de jóvenes de escasos recursos en el mercado laboral. Este acercamiento permitió contrastar las respuestas de ambos grupos. La finalidad de este estudio fue articular los componentes necesarios para fortalecer la política social enfocada en el empleo para jóvenes de sectores empobrecidos, considerando las realidades que estos grupos experimentan. Esta investigación utilizó un método mixto con un diseño secuencial transformativo. La misma tuvo una primera fase cuantitativa y una segunda fase cualitativa. Este diseño permitió aportar al análisis de las políticas sociales de juventud, percibiendo un fenómeno complejo desde sus protagonistas y desde sus raíces estructurales. Los mecanismos de recolección de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos que se utilizaron fueron: la encuesta, las entrevistas semiestructuradas y el análisis de documentos. El presente estudio aporta información actualizada sobre la inserción laboral de jóvenes y las políticas sociales de juventud en Puerto Rico, específicamente para el grupo poblacional de jóvenes provenientes de sectores empobrecidos. Desde la profesión del trabajo social contribuye al análisis de las políticas sociales para comprender y generar saberes sobre un tema que amerita mayor reflexión en el contexto en que vivimos. El conocimiento derivado de esta investigación ayuda a visibilizar, y a fomentar el que se atiendan las necesidades de los y las jóvenes bajo el nivel de pobreza; particularmente, en ruta a reducir la misma. También es de utilidad para las agencias, departamentos y comisiones legislativas, encargadas de generar e implantar política pública dirigida a la juventud y el empleo, así como para municipios, universidades y organizaciones no gubernamentales que buscan fortalecer sus servicios para esta población y formular políticas y programas en correspondencia a sus necesidades.
This book reflects on the public policies, programmes and regulatory frameworks that are taking a rights-based approach to expanding social protection coverage and benefits in Latin America, with a view to achieving universal coverage. Its discussion of the policy tools and programmes pursued in the region aims to provide the reader with technical and programmatic insights for assembling and coordinating public policies within consistent and sustainable social protection systems. The combination of normative orientations and stock of technical knowledge, together with advances regarding the rights-based approach to social protection within a life cycle framework, afford the reader not only a tool box of specific social protection instruments, but also an in-depth examination of related political economy aspects.
Summarizes experience with conditional cash transfer or "co-responsibility" (CCT) programmes in Latin America and the Caribbean, over a period lasting more than 15 years.
There is long-standing debate on how population growth affects national economies. A new report from Population Matters examines the history of this debate and synthesizes current research on the topic. The authors, led by Harvard economist David Bloom, conclude that population age structure, more than size or growth per se, affects economic development, and that reducing high fertility can create opportunities for economic growth if the right kinds of educational, health, and labor-market policies are in place. The report also examines specific regions of the world and how their differing policy environments have affected the relationship between population change and economic development.
Today’s best companies get it. From Costco® to Commerce Bank, Wegmans to Whole Foods®: they’re becoming the ultimate value creators. They’re generating every form of value that matters: emotional, experiential, social, and financial. And they’re doing it for all their stakeholders. Not because it’s “politically correct”: because it’s the only path to long-term competitive advantage. These are the Firms of Endearment. Companies people love doing business with. Love partnering with. Love working for. Love investing in. Companies for whom “loyalty” isn’t just real: it’s palpable, and driving unbeatable advantages in everything from marketing to recruitment. You need to become one of those companies. This book will show you how. You’ll find specific, practical guidance on transforming every relationship you have: with customers, associates, partners, investors, and society. If you want to be great—truly great—this is your blueprint. We’re entering an Age of Transcendence, as people increasingly search for higher meaning in their lives, not just more possessions. This is transforming the marketplace, the workplace, the very soul of capitalism. Increasingly, today’s most successful companies are bringing love, joy, authenticity, empathy, and soulfulness into their businesses: they are delivering emotional, experiential, and social value–not just profits. Firms of Endearment illuminates this, the most fundamental transformation in capitalism since Adam Smith. It’s not about “corporate social responsibility”: it’s about building companies that can sustain success in a radically new era. It’s about great companies like IDEO and IKEA®, Commerce Bank and Costco®, Wegmans and Whole Foods®: how they earn the powerful loyalty and affection that enables truly breathtaking performance. This book is about gaining “share of heart,” not just share of wallet. It’s about aligning stakeholders’ interests, not just juggling them. It’s about building companies that leave the world a better place. Most of all, it’s about why you must do all this, or risk being left in the dust... and how to get there from wherever you are now.
Presents a people-centred approach to development.
'Manuals' for new parents illustrating many models of babyhood, shaped by different values and cultures.
This book discusses the developments in policy and practice in the field of formal, non-formal and continuing vocational education and training in Spain since 1970. It describes how VET has been transformed and become one of the country's main areas of pedagogical innovation, and also examines current developments, such as the role of non-formal vocational education and training, the accreditation of vocational qualifications acquired in the non-formal system, and the adoption of dual apprenticeships that bear little resemblance to central European dual systems. Written by respected researchers in these fields, the first section is informative and analytical, offering a description of the system and comments based on academic literature and research. The second section illustrates the research on relevant issues, portraying empirical data from different regions in Spain, as well as nationwide data. Explaining and interpreting data on the basis of the authors' different theoretical frameworks, the book provides a comprehensive, updated and accurate overview of VET and relevant research in Spain, as well as their relation to European and global developments.
This book helps connect the dots between economic theory, the role of capabilities, the lessons from history and the practical challenges of design and implementation of industrial policies. In so doing it provides an excellent policy roadmap for anyone interested in the challenge of promoting catch-up growth and productive transformation.