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The United States is entering an era when, more than ever, the sharing of resources and information might be critical to scientific progress. Every dollar saved by avoiding duplication of efforts and by producing economies of scale will become increasingly important as federal funding enters an era of fiscal restraint. This book focuses on six diverse case studies that share materials or equipment with the scientific community at large: the American Type Culture Collection, the multinational coordinated Arabidopsis thaliana Genome Research Project, the Jackson Laboratory, the Washington Regional Primate Research Center, the Macromolecular Crystallography Resource at the Cornell High-Energy Synchrotron Source, and the Human Genome Center at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The book also identifies common strengths and problems faced in the six cases, and presents a series of recommendations aimed at facilitating resource sharing in biomedical research.
This title is available as an Open Access eBook for free from CABI's eBook platform. Visit their website at www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20163308509. This book is a collection of fictionalized case studies of everyday ethical dilemmas and challenges encountered in the process of conducting global health research in places where the effects of political and economic inequality are particularly evident. It is a training tool to fill the gap between research ethics guidelines and their implementation "on the ground." The cases focus on "relational" ethics: ethical actions and ideas that continuously emerge through relations with others, rather than being determined by bioethics regulation. They are based on stories and experiences collected by a group of social anthropologists who have worked with leading transnational medical research organizations across Africa in the past decade. Accompanied by guidelines, discussion questions and selected further readings, the book provides a flexible resource for training and self-study for people engaged in health research with, universities, international collaborative sites and NGOs - and for everyone interested in the realities of global health research today.
Data sharing can accelerate new discoveries by avoiding duplicative trials, stimulating new ideas for research, and enabling the maximal scientific knowledge and benefits to be gained from the efforts of clinical trial participants and investigators. At the same time, sharing clinical trial data presents risks, burdens, and challenges. These include the need to protect the privacy and honor the consent of clinical trial participants; safeguard the legitimate economic interests of sponsors; and guard against invalid secondary analyses, which could undermine trust in clinical trials or otherwise harm public health. Sharing Clinical Trial Data presents activities and strategies for the responsible sharing of clinical trial data. With the goal of increasing scientific knowledge to lead to better therapies for patients, this book identifies guiding principles and makes recommendations to maximize the benefits and minimize risks. This report offers guidance on the types of clinical trial data available at different points in the process, the points in the process at which each type of data should be shared, methods for sharing data, what groups should have access to data, and future knowledge and infrastructure needs. Responsible sharing of clinical trial data will allow other investigators to replicate published findings and carry out additional analyses, strengthen the evidence base for regulatory and clinical decisions, and increase the scientific knowledge gained from investments by the funders of clinical trials. The recommendations of Sharing Clinical Trial Data will be useful both now and well into the future as improved sharing of data leads to a stronger evidence base for treatment. This book will be of interest to stakeholders across the spectrum of research-from funders, to researchers, to journals, to physicians, and ultimately, to patients.
The collection of systems represented in this volume is a unique effort to reflect the diversity and utility of models used in biomedicine. That utility is based on the consideration that observations made in particular organisms will provide insight into the workings of other, more complex systems. This volume is therefore a comprehensive and extensive collection of these important medical parallels.
The book deals with resource sharing through consortium approach. During 1990s, due to journals crisis, emergence of scholarly electronic publishing, shift in print form to electronic version, escalation of costs of journals, all have compelled library professionals to move towards a strategic relationship in forming consortium by taking advantage of emerging new technologies. To begin with, resource sharing is briefed covering library cooperation. Emergence of electronic publishing has facilitated subscription to e-journals, access and delivery mechanisms. With proliferation of e-resources, constraints of copyright laws and licensing, library consortia have emerged with a sole aim of moving from organizational self sufficiency to a collaborative survival mode. There are several consortia types/models at organization level, types of libraries participating and parent organizations depending upon coverage of subject areas and purpose of coming together. The very purpose of consortia is to deal with pricing and licensing by means of negotiations and strike a deal suitable for stakeholders. With growth of different consortia in a country or region, it is desirable to coordinate all such efforts and look for National Consortium and go for National Site Licensing. Publishers were also providing bundled or ‘big deal’ offers which could solve journals crisis but not budget constraints as faced by libraries. With experience gained in forming consortia, library professionals also gained enough skills for negotiations which bring about win-win-situation to all stakeholders. In order to implement consortia activities, it is required to have minimum infrastructure including access to Internet, e-mail service, IP addresses, networking, archiving, etc. Also, the consortia should have some standards/ protocols such as COUNTER/SUSHI and SERU to run activities effectively. It is also important to look into archiving needs of consortia on a long term basis as publishers’ perpetual access suffer from trust factors, as a result of which some international agencies have emerged. It is also worth looking for consortia migration and merger in order to make better use of available information and enhance consortia interests on a much larger scales. There have been concerted efforts in India in forming consortia and a brief of each consortium is given followed by experiences gained which created confidence and strength to run consortia on a sustainable basis.
The delivery and availability of information resources is a vital concern to professionals across multiple fields. This is particularly vital to data intensive professions, where easy accessibility to high-quality information is a crucial component of their research. Library and Information Services for Bioinformatics Education and Research is an authoritative reference source for the latest scholarly material on the role of libraries for the effective delivery of information resources to optimize the study of biological data. Highlighting innovative perspectives across a range of topics, such as user assessment, collection development, and information accessibility, this publication is ideally designed for professionals, managers, computer scientists, graduate students, and practitioners actively involved in the field of bioinformatics.
Recent scandals and controversies, such as data fabrication in federally funded science, data manipulation and distortion in private industry, and human embryonic stem cell research, illustrate the importance of ethics in science. Responsible Conduct of Research, now in a completely updated second edition, provides an introduction to the social, ethical, and legal issues facing scientists today.