Download Free Resource Recycling And Waste Challenges For Storage Resources In A 100 Renewable Economy Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online Resource Recycling And Waste Challenges For Storage Resources In A 100 Renewable Economy and write the review.

In this thesis, the battery storage needed for a 100% renewable economy was calculated. It was determined that the use of batteries as a worldwide energy storage solution is not viable. Other systems, such as power-to-gas, would undoubtedly be a better match, as they are much less resource-intense, and they could be combined with the existing natural gas infrastructure for lowered costs. Data was gathered for two regions that would be studied in detail. These regions were (1) Germany, Austria and Luxemburg, and (2) California. An in-depth analysis of the load and renewable generation (from solar and wind) profiles was done, which was used to calculate the amount of battery storage that would be needed in the area, as well as the requirements that an electrolyzer should be able to meet. Data was also gathered for the world, which enabled a study about consumption, generation and current renewable capacity, among others. Solar irradiation and wind maps were used to estimate the potential of each of the renewable sources studied to provide energy in the scenario of a 100% renewable economy. A theoretical approach about electrolyzer technologies, batteries and practical aspects of hydrogen as a gas fuel can also be found in the thesis. The available data for the two regions studied, along with the results of their storage calculations, was used to calculate the fraction of energy that was provided by each of the renewable sources studied. With this information, an equation was obtained and used to calculate the storage needed for other regions in the world if their approximate renewable potential (fraction) and consumption were known. The estimated total energy storage for the world was then calculated considering each of the continents and was found to be a total of 19,981 TWh (100% roundtrip efficiency - ideal battery). Since the average energy density of batteries is known, it is estimated that this amount of storage would require a 133,205 Mt battery, and since the estimated composition of lithium-ion batteries is also known, it was calculated that to build such an amount of storage would be quite resource-intense: 3,143.64 Mt of lithium and 25,815.13 Mt of cobalt. If the reader takes into consideration that the lithium and cobalt reserves are estimated to be about 53 Mt and 145 Mt, respectively, it is easy to see that the calculated amounts required for the battery are, by far, too large to be executed. Due to the low cost of extracted lithium, the fraction of the metal used today that comes from recycling is scaringly close to zero. Most of the recycling processes for lithium are currently only at research stage, and the majority of them combine physical (battery dismantlement and crushing, along with physical separation of compounds) and chemical processes (leaching, extractions, precipitations), the latter being the ones that have traditionally been used in the mine industry to extract metals (hydrometallurgy). They use harsh chemicals that can be cleaned and reused, and finally sent to a dedicated treatment plant as it is done in the chemical industry. These results were obtained by means of gathering and analyzing data on energy consumption and generation profiles, and considering renewable capacities for solar and wind, in the case of the specific regions; considering information on global and continental-based energy consumption and generation amounts, and renewable potentials for the worldwide estimations; and studying the composition and characteristics of the lithium-ion batteries used today, along with the available critical metals reserves, to calculate the amounts of resources that would be needed to fabricate the calculated energy storage devices.
The United States and China are the world's top two energy consumers and, as of 2010, the two largest economies. Consequently, they have a decisive role to play in the world's clean energy future. Both countries are also motivated by related goals, namely diversified energy portfolios, job creation, energy security, and pollution reduction, making renewable energy development an important strategy with wide-ranging implications. Given the size of their energy markets, any substantial progress the two countries make in advancing use of renewable energy will provide global benefits, in terms of enhanced technological understanding, reduced costs through expanded deployment, and reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to conventional generation from fossil fuels. Within this context, the U.S. National Academies, in collaboration with the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE), reviewed renewable energy development and deployment in the two countries, to highlight prospects for collaboration across the research to deployment chain and to suggest strategies which would promote more rapid and economical attainment of renewable energy goals. Main findings and concerning renewable resource assessments, technology development, environmental impacts, market infrastructure, among others, are presented. Specific recommendations have been limited to those judged to be most likely to accelerate the pace of deployment, increase cost-competitiveness, or shape the future market for renewable energy. The recommendations presented here are also pragmatic and achievable.
Sustainable Energy Storage in the Scope of Circular Economy Comprehensive resource reviewing recent developments in the design and application of energy storage devices Sustainable Energy Storage in the Scope of Circular Economy reviews the recent developments in energy storage devices based on sustainable materials within the framework of the circular economy, addressing the sustainable design and application of energy storage devices with consideration of the key advantages and remaining challenges in this rapidly evolving research field. Topics covered include: Sustainable materials for batteries and fuel cell devices Multifunctional sustainable materials for energy storage Energy storage devices in the scope of the Internet of Things Sustainable energy storage devices and device design for sensors and actuators Waste prevention for energy storage devices based on second life and recycling procedures With detailed information on today’s most effective energy storage devices, Sustainable Energy Storage in the Scope of Circular Economy is a key resource for academic researchers, industrial scientists and engineers, and students in related programs of study who wish to understand the state of the art in this field.
Sustainable Resource Management Learn how current technologies can be used to recover and reuse waste products to reduce environmental damage and pollution In this two-volume set, Sustainable Resource Management: Technologies for Recovery and Reuse of Energy and Waste Materials delivers a compelling argument for the importance of the widespread adoption of a holistic approach to enhanced water, energy, and waste management practices. Increased population and economic growth, urbanization, and industrialization have put sustained pressure on the world’s environment, and this book demonstrates how to use organics, nutrients, and thermal heat to better manage wastewater and solid waste to deal with that reality. The book discusses basic scientific principles and recent technological advances in current strategies for resource recovery from waste products. It also presents solutions to pressing problems associated with energy production during waste management and treatment, as well as the health impacts created by improper waste disposal and pollution. Finally, the book discusses the potential and feasibility of turning waste products into resources. Readers will also enjoy: A thorough introduction and overview to resource recovery and reuse for sustainable futures An exploration of hydrothermal liquefaction of food waste, including the technology’s use as a potential resource recovery strategy A treatment of resource recovery and recycling from livestock manure, including the current state of the technology and future prospects and challenges A discussion of the removal and recovery of nutrients using low-cost adsorbents from single-component and multi-component adsorption systems Perfect for water and environmental chemists, engineers, biotechnologists, and food chemists, Sustainable Resource Management also belongs on the bookshelves of environmental officers and consultants, chemists in private industry, and graduate students taking programs in environmental engineering, ecology, or other sustainability related fields.
This book summarizes recent research findings directly related to sustainable and economic waste management and resource recovery techniques. The editors and contributors, all of whom are opinion leaders in the field, review and analyze the current landscape and present solutions to a formidable set of challenges: minimizing the amount of waste materials and environmental contaminants, recovering valuable resources from waste, and disposing of waste by means of sustainable and economic remediation techniques. The contributors also discuss how mining and mineral processing waste products represent one of the world’s greatest chronic waste concerns. They put forward plans for waste reuse, and demonstrate how, given the limited nature of global mineral resources, the recycling and reuse of mining waste materials are vital. In addition, they explain how properly evaluated mining waste can be reused to re-extract minerals, provide fuel for power plants, and supply other valuable materials. Additional themes include research advances that have led to more efficient resource recovery processes, and to economic and sustainable techniques for recovering products from mining waste. Similar to mining waste, the reuse and recycling of municipal, urban, domestic, industrial and agricultural wastes and waste water is also explored. The contributors explain how this waste is essential for the production and recovery of energy, biogas, fertilizers, organic materials, and nutrients (N, P) – and how this type of waste recovery is also critical to environmental safety. The book offers a valuable guide for all individuals who are interested in the development of sustainable recovery processes, reuse of waste, sustainable waste management, and environmental hazard mitigation.
This volume reviews the research from a large body of scientific publications in this field to determine the technologies that present the most efficient and economic ways of recovering resources from wastes. The goal is to identify sustainable waste management techniques for environmental safety.
Environmental engineers support the well-being of people and the planet in areas where the two intersect. Over the decades the field has improved countless lives through innovative systems for delivering water, treating waste, and preventing and remediating pollution in air, water, and soil. These achievements are a testament to the multidisciplinary, pragmatic, systems-oriented approach that characterizes environmental engineering. Environmental Engineering for the 21st Century: Addressing Grand Challenges outlines the crucial role for environmental engineers in this period of dramatic growth and change. The report identifies five pressing challenges of the 21st century that environmental engineers are uniquely poised to help advance: sustainably supply food, water, and energy; curb climate change and adapt to its impacts; design a future without pollution and waste; create efficient, healthy, resilient cities; and foster informed decisions and actions.
Sustainable Resource Recovery and Zero Waste Approaches covers waste reduction, biological, thermal and recycling methods of waste recovery, and their conversion into a variety of products. In addition, the social, economic and environmental aspects are also explored, making this a useful textbook for environmental courses and a reference book for both universities and companies. Provides a novel approach on how to achieve zero wastes in a society Shows the roadmap on achieving Sustainable Development Goals Considers critical aspects of municipal waste management Covers recent developments in waste biorefinery, thermal processes, anaerobic digestion, material recycling and landfill mining
The concept of a circular economy has been gaining increasing attention in recent years. Many of the sources of chemicals we have become reliant on are dwindling and the accumulation of waste products poses a serious environmental problem. By recovering resources from these waste materials, we can reduce our dependence on virgin feedstocks that may not be sustainable as well as reducing the quantity of material going to landfill sites. Incorporating different perspectives from a global authorship, this book aims to introduce systems thinking to the field of waste and resource management. The topics covered range from the use of biogeochemical processes in resource recovery to the application of engineered nanomaterials, with information relevant to both academia and industry. The broad range and cross-disciplinary nature of the topics in this book make it a valuable resource for those working in circular economy research, green chemistry and waste and resource management.
The Routledge Handbook of Sustainable Design considers the design, not only of artifacts, but of structures, systems, and interactions in the context of sustaining our shared planet. This revised edition introduces new and updated chapters, as well as a new section on pedagogy for sustainable design. With authors from around the world, design is positioned in context with recent crises such as global pandemics, racial reckoning, political unrest, and natural disasters. Just as design is an interdisciplinary field, the climate crisis is deeply tangled in racial justice, gender justice, global health, economics, trade, and more. Divided into six sections, it presents a holistic approach to understanding the many facets of sustainable design: Part 1: Systems and Design Part 2: Complexities of Sustainable Design Part 3: Community Engaged Design for Local and Global Diversity Part 4: Design for Sustainable Behaviors Part 5: Design Futures Part 6: Pedagogy in Design for Sustainability Arguing that design needs to restore, regenerate, and rejuvenate our planet and people, this handbook will be invaluable to researchers, students, and practitioners across all subdisciplines of design, architecture, business, energy management, visual arts, and environmental studies, among others.