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The formation of hadrons from free quarks and gluons is poorly understood and can not be fully explained by current theories. This hadronization process is described using phenomenological models, each reflecting possible scenarios for the QCD dynamics. Electron-positron annihilation at the Z0 resonance provides an ideal environment in which to study hadron production because of the combination of high event rates and clean final states due to the absence of beam and target remnants. Using the particle identification capabilities of the DELPHI detector at the Large Electron-Positron collider (LEP), it is possible to differentiate the production of different hadron species in the final state. This information allows the study of details of the transition from quarks and qluons to stable hadrons. This thesis investigates the hadronization process by comparing the production of [Phi] and K*0 particles produced in quark jets versus those produced in gluon jets at the Z0.
The authors have studied differences between quark and gluon jets using 3-jet events in hadronic decays of Z° bosons collected by the SLD experiment at SLAC. Gluon jets were identified in symmetric 3-jet events containing one jet tagged as a heavy quark jet and compared with a mixed sample of quark and gluon jets and also with a mixed sample of light quark (u, d and s) and gluon jets. Their preliminary results show that the particle multiplicity in gluon jets is higher than that in light quark jets. These results are in qualitative agreement with QCD expectations. Differences are also observed in particle energy spectra and the jet widths, consistent with QCD expectations.
We present a search for pair production of new physics resonances decaying into a top quark and a light parton in final states with two leptons, interpreting the results in the context of an R-parity violating supersymmetric model. We use 19.5 fb[-]1 of data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC from proton-proton collisions at s = 8 TeV in 2012. The experimental signature consists of two leptons (e or [MICRO SIGN]), two jets identified as originating from the decay of a b quark, and two jets identified as coming from light flavor quarks or gluons. We reconstruct and analyze potential resonant decays. The dominant standard model background is top quark pair production with additional jets from initialor final-state radiation. We perform an extended unbinned maximum likelihood fit to the transverse momenta of the two leading light jets and the reconstructed resonance mass. The observation is consistent with the standard model expectation, and we set upper limits on the signal cross section for R-parity violating bottom squarks with masses between 250 and 600 GeV. We exclude R-parity violating bottom squark pair production at the 95% confidence level between 250 GeV and 326 GeV.
This thesis contains new research in both experimental and theoretical particle physics, making important contributions in each. Two analyses of collision data from the ATLAS experiment at the LHC are presented, as well as two phenomenological studies of heavy coloured resonances that could be produced at the LHC. The first data analysis was the measurement of top quark-antiquark production with a veto on additional jet activity. As the first detector-corrected measurement of jet activity in top-antitop events it played an important role in constraining the theoretical modelling, and ultimately reduced these uncertainties for ATLAS's other top-quark measurements by a factor of two. The second data analysis was the measurement of Z+2jet production and the observation of the electroweak vector boson fusion (VBF) component. As the first observation of VBF at a hadron collider, this measurement demonstrated new techniques to reliably extract VBF processes and paved the way for future VBF Higgs measurements. The first phenomenological study developed a new technique for identifying the colour of heavy resonances produced in proton-proton collisions. As a by-product of this study an unexpected and previously unnoticed correlation was discovered between the probability of correctly identifying a high-energy top and the colour structure of the event it was produced in. The second phenomenological study explored this relationship in more detail, and could have important consequences for the identification of new particles that decay to top quarks.