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Research shows that racism affects the working lives of nurses and nurse academics, as well as healthcare service delivery and outcomes. This book looks at the impact of racism, from experiences of microaggression to discrimination and structural and institutionalised racism. Focusing on the work of five researchers and practitioners who have chosen to address and investigate the racism they experience, witness or observe in the UK’s National Health Service and Universities, this book includes personal reflections on their findings. The substantive chapters are framed by a discussion of policy and research on racism, thoughts on research supervision within this field and a drawing together of the key themes developed through the book. Giving voice to nurses’ and lecturers’ responses to racism in nursing education and practice, this is an important contribution for students, researchers and practitioners with an interest in health inequalities, healthcare organisations, research methods and workforce development.
Delivers a comprehensive toolbox for understanding race and racism at structural, institutional, and individual levels This nursing handbook introduces and defines key terms about race and racism for nurses, nursing students, and nurse educators. It addresses how race and racism act as structural and core social determinants of health and propel health inequities. It moves beyond a focus on multicultural approaches for understanding inequity toward a recognition of the broader impact that both systemic and structural racism have had on inequality in health and life opportunities. Through a social justice lens, the book underscores how nurses, as frontline health professionals, need to understand racism as a factor behind these inequities and its significance to their working environment and nursing practice. In concise chapters with brief paragraphs and bulleted information, this practical handbook offers strategies for how to productively engage in a dialogue about race and racism. It considers the history of racism in the United States and then breaks down how it operates at structural, institutional, and individual levels. Case studies illustrate such concepts as microaggressions, implicit bias, power, privilege, and intersectionality in order to foster understanding and provide opportunities for both self-reflection and collective conversation. Key Features: Delivers clear and easy-to-read content in concise, bulleted format Empowers nurses to initiate conversations about race and racism in the workplace and classroom with confidence and ease Provides an historical context for understanding how racism contributes to inequities in health and economic opportunities Illustrates concepts with case studies and reflection questions Features "Fast Facts" boxes that highlight essential information at a glance Promotes the concepts of antiracism, diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging
Racial and ethnic disparities in health care are known to reflect access to care and other issues that arise from differing socioeconomic conditions. There is, however, increasing evidence that even after such differences are accounted for, race and ethnicity remain significant predictors of the quality of health care received. In Unequal Treatment, a panel of experts documents this evidence and explores how persons of color experience the health care environment. The book examines how disparities in treatment may arise in health care systems and looks at aspects of the clinical encounter that may contribute to such disparities. Patients' and providers' attitudes, expectations, and behavior are analyzed. How to intervene? Unequal Treatment offers recommendations for improvements in medical care financing, allocation of care, availability of language translation, community-based care, and other arenas. The committee highlights the potential of cross-cultural education to improve provider-patient communication and offers a detailed look at how to integrate cross-cultural learning within the health professions. The book concludes with recommendations for data collection and research initiatives. Unequal Treatment will be vitally important to health care policymakers, administrators, providers, educators, and students as well as advocates for people of color.
In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Based on a recent survey of more than 500 Ontario Nursing Association members, this study demonstrates how racism impacts working relations in the nursing profession. Gender and class concepts are explored as well as how fear, lack of support, management collaboration, and ineffective institutional responses make it difficult for victims to fight back. Dealing with the concept of racism within the frameworks of human rights legislation and the political economy of health care, this reference illustrates its causes in detail, providing a foundation from which nurses and other workers can combat racial harassment.
"A welcome and overdue contribution to the field. Identifying a need for an empirical guide to complement the abundant theoretical literature, this book combines a variety of practical avenues of advice with analytical sophistication, without losing any of the subject matter’s complexities. The contextual chapters are well judged and informative, while readers will surely find the careful selection and very clear presentation of the case studies particularly useful in thinking through the projects from start to completion." - Steve Garner, Open University This book offers a one stop guide to the meaning of racism, key studies in the field, core methodologies and an agenda for research for the future. Discussing the salient aspects of race and racism in contemporary society alongside methodological and practical considerations of qualitative research in the field, Researching Racism is not only an original textbook but also a crucial guide for anyone beginning their own research on racism. Based on Muzammil Quraishi and Rob Philburn’s extensive background as researchers, supervisors and teachers, this book: offers a clear and accessible account of an interdisciplinary and complex topic incorporates historical, legislative and international dimensions of race and racism outlines and illustrates a range of qualitative research methods provides case studies and engaging examples includes a tool kit for researchers of racism. This is an indispensable guide for students wanting to research race and racism across the social sciences.
African Americans today continue to suffer disproportionately from heart disease, diabetes, and other health problems. In Caring for Equality David McBride chronicles the struggle by African Americans and their white allies to improve poor black health conditions as well as inadequate medical care—caused by slavery, racism, and discrimination—since the arrival of African slaves in America. Black American health progress resulted from the steady influence of what David McBride calls the health equality ideal: the principle that health of black Americans could and should be equal to that of whites and other Americans. Including a timeline, selected primary sources, and an extensive bibliographic essay, McBride’s book provides a superb starting point for students and readers who want to explore in greater depth this important and understudied topic in African American history.
The Invisible Black Nurse emerged from research grounded in historical reviews and contemporary perspectives that describe the experiences of Black nurses as their various roles as clinicians, educators, administrators and researchers. Recurring themes include feeling invisible, feeling devalued and being held to a higher standards than their peers in their professional role. She has presented her research at various professionaly nursing conferences and the Association of Psychiagtric Nursing. Her mission is to eliminate the phenomenon of "nurses eating their young" specifically nurses of color. Book Review 1: Black nurse's experiences with Racism may be normalized to the point of being invisible in various health care systems. Dr. Ora Robinson removes the invisibility by bringing the experiences of these nurses into full view. She speaks to the disproportionate negative impacts of racism as experienced by Black nurses. Each page turned, ushers the reader deeper into the world as experienced by the invisible Black nurse. -- Dr. Gloria J. Willingham-Toure", PhD, MNSc, BSN. Book Review 2: I have been acquainted with Dr. Ora Robinson over 20 years. I met her when she applied for a position as a professor in the Nursing Program. Our paths have crossed several times as fellow educators and in professional organizations. We have discussed and experienced the burden of racism disproportionately felt in various areas of the healthcare community. Having realized that this burden is too often silenced or ignored resulting in the Black nurse becoming invisible, Dr. Robinson began to explore and study the phenomenon. With sampling, she acquired evidence to begin addressing audiences. With information presented here, nurses will be inspired and encouraged to evaluate the visibility of all. -- Barbara Napper, MS, Ed. MSN, RN
The United States has persistent racial inequities in maternal health, with African American women experiencing the highest maternal mortality and morbidity (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). Structural inequities, racism, implicit and explicit biases, and discrimination contribute to disparities in maternal health outcomes in the United States (Alshusen et al., 2016; Davis, 2019; Institute of Medicine, 2003, Liese et al., 2019, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2020). In recent years, racial discrimination and bias have been important topics of discussion. However, very little research has been done about nursing curricular preparedness to address implicit bias and racism in clinical practice. There is also a lack of research examining nursing students' perspectives on racial discrimination and maternal health outcomes. Guided by Critical Race Theory, this study investigates Connecticut's undergraduate nursing students' perceptions and understanding of how racial disparities, racism, and bias affect maternal health outcomes in the United States.
This pathbreaking study analyzes the impact of racism on the development of the nursing profession, particularly on black women in the profession.