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Festivals are events that are planned in advance and that provide an opportunity to network, discuss, and present projects/products/services, but also to popularise festival themes with the possibility of social and cultural interaction between stakeholders taking part in the festival. Festival stakeholders can be observed through several groups, i.e. organisers, participants (exhibitors), visitors, sponsors, volunteers, policy makers, media and the public. Festivals and events are often applied by stakeholders in the creative industry sector. According to Throsby’s concentric circles model (2008), together with music and visual and performing arts, literature is a fundamental cultural expression that brings achievements of the greatest artistic value. The aim of the book Research Study on Festival and Events is to examine the role and satisfaction of a large number of stakeholders in an international festival. In addition, the results are intended to encourage the process of developing and validating a research methodology for researching festivals on different samples. The research study examines the specifics of an international festival aimed at the publishing sector and analyses the 3rd EU-China International Literary Festival. The EU-China International Literary Festival is held twice a year in China, and a number of events are attended by Chinese and European Union authors, and authors from China and the European Union take part in a number of events. The Festival programme is aimed at Chinese audiences, and events take place in two Chinese cities. Previous research indicates the existence of a research gap in the research on festival events which is reflected in the failure to simultaneously examine multiple stakeholder groups at a selected festival. This research study presents the results of three separate studies conducted after the 3rd EU-China International Literary Festival (n = 78): Chinese Festival visitors and two groups of authors representing experts of the Literary Festival (i.e. European and Chinese authors). As the audience was able to follow the Festival at the venue (n = 4,288) or online (n = 112,059), an online questionnaire was prepared for both groups and attitudes towards the Festival events of both groups of visitors were collected and analysed. After the analysis of research findings, guidelines and recommendations were derived to improve the quality/success of the festival. The research methodology can be used in the study of festival phenomena and measuring the success of a festival from the perspective of different stakeholders. The methodology and findings summarised in this research study make an additional contribution to the promotion and popularisation of EU literature and authors in order to encourage cross-cultural cooperation. 摘要 文化节是提前策划的系列活动，提供了一个交流、讨论和展示项目/产品/服务的机会， 同时通过参与活动的利益相关者之间的互动，扩大文化节的影响力。文化节利益相关者 包括诸多群体，如组织者、参与者(参展方)、参观者、赞助商、志愿者、政策制定 者、媒体和公众。创意产业利益相关者经常举办文化节和活动。根据 Throsby 同心圆模 型(2008)，与音乐、视觉和表演艺术一起，文学作为一种基本的文化表现形式，能够 实现艺术价值的最大化。 本书旨在研究国际文化节中利益相关者发挥的作用和其对项目的满意度。此外，研究目 标还包括促进形成适用于不同文化节样本的研究方法。本书有助于促进国际文化节出版 业方面的研究，同时本书分析了第三届中欧国际文学节的效果。中欧国际文学节每年在 中国举办两次，邀请欧洲和中国作家参与其丰富的文化活动。中欧国际文学节的目标受 众是中国观众，活动通常在中国两个城市线下举办。 过往研究存在的问题是缺乏对选定的文化节进行利益相关者的深入研究。本研究分析了 第三届中欧国际文学节涉及的三组利益相关者(n = 78):文学节的中国观众及参加文 学节的两组作家代表(即欧洲和中国作者)。由于观众既可以在现场(n = 4,288)也 可以在线上(n = 112,059)参与文学节，本研究设置了在线问卷，用于收集和分析两 类观众群体对文学节活动的评价。 分析研究数据所产生的指导方针和建议，有助于提高文化节的质量/效果。本研究方法 适用于从不同利益相关者的角度评估文化节的效果。本研究总结的方法及成果，有助于 推广欧盟文学和作家，从而对跨文化合作产生积极的影响。 关键词:文化节利益相关者，创意产业，研究报告，国际文化节
After three successful research studies and three scientific books, the EU-China International Literary Festival international project team focused on testing and applying the international festival research methodology. Based on previous research studies, reports and scientific books, the authors had sufficient knowledge of the methodological guidelines for conducting demanding multilingual and cross-cultural research. The research and methodological definition of the scientific book is the EU-China literary festival conceived as the interaction of European and Chinese authors with Chinese audiences and the promotion of European culture in Chinese cities. This book focuses on the analysis of the 4th EU-China International Literary Festival organised by the Delegation of the European Union to China. The goal of the Festival is to bring distant cultures closer by virtue of literature as a medium, and the Festival has been held twice a year in China since 2017. The audience could attend Festival events either at the venue (n = 6,914) or online (n = 377,098). The number of online attendees far exceeded the number of visitors who attended live events, which strongly popularised EU-China cooperation, cross-cultural differences, new media monitoring literary events, literature itself and the authors. The research methodology was used to measure the views of three groups of stakeholders in the EU-China International Literary Festival (n = 70), i.e. 1. Festival visitors, 2. European authors (international participants), and 3. Chinese authors (national participants). By analysing the views of the three groups of respondents, the book analyses the measure of both the success of the EU-China International Literary Festival and the level of satisfaction with the Festival. Comparison and identification of similarities and differences among the three groups of respondents is one of the research goals. Based on a large number of media releases and live streamings, the Festival can be seen as a highly successful promotional product where the culture of the European Union was presented to the Chinese visitors. In addition to the research methodology, the scientific book also provides the design of research procedures applied in multilingual research by international research teams. An enviable longitudinal series of data collected from the three groups of stakeholders was created by the fourth measurement of Festival success. The tested international festival research methodology can be used by future researchers of festival phenomena for developing an instrument for gathering the views of festival participants (authors, visitors and organisers) of literary and all other related festivals. The efforts of this research study are ultimately aimed at a systematic increase in the quality of festivals, ensuring continued funding, and laying the groundwork for related festivals funded by the EU Delegation to China.
According to Wilson et al. (2017), festivals are events held at a particular point in time, repeated in a regular manner and open to the public. Festivals differ from special events as they occur on a regular basis, whereas ‘a special event is a onetime or infrequently occurring event outside the normal range/program or activities of the sponsoring or organising body’ (Getz 1997). Although festival types and themes may differ, they have some characteristics in common. For instance, regardless of the theme of a festival, all of themhave similar stakeholders, i.e. organisations, audiences, exhibitors, sponsors (financiers), media, etc. Despite growing research interest in festivals, little attention has been put on simultaneous exploration of the key stakeholders of a festival. The research and methodological focus of this scientific book is the analysis of the EU- China Literary Festival, which is conceived as the interaction of European and Chinese authors with the Chinese audience, and the promotion of European culture in Chinese metropolises. The goal of the Festival is to bring distant cultures closer by means of literature as a medium. This book focuses on the analysis of the four festivals organised by the Delegation of the European Union to China, the EU-China International Literary Festival. The Festival has been held twice a year in China since 2017. The audience could follow the Festival-related events at the venue (n = 1,623) or online (n = 56,621). Online visitors have outnumbered visitors who attended physical events, which strongly popularised European-Chinese cooperation, literature and authors through all levels of communication. The aim of this scientific book is to present the process of developing a research methodology and establishing assumptions for its wider application. The research methodology measures the views of three stakeholder groups involved in the EU-China International Literary Festival (n = 73), i.e. 1) Festival visitors, 2) European authors (international participants), and 3) Chinese authors (domestic participants). In addition, the book explores how successfully the EU-China International Literary Festival has achieved its goal, mission and vision (the exchange of ideas and interaction between authors and audiences, or dedication to cultural diversity of China and Europe), and whether it is possible to successfully measure Festival satisfaction in relation to all groups of respondents. Comparison and identification of similarities and differences among the three groups of respondents is one of the research goals. This scientific book contributes to the field by increasing the number of tested research instruments that are adequate for determining the attitudes and satisfaction of Festival stakeholders. Additionally, research contribution is reflected in harmonisation of the methodology used in festival research and in identifying both common and specific dimensions depending on the creative industry sector promoted by the festival in focus (for instance, literary, communication, film, and other festivals in particular creative industry sectors). Analysing the research results, statistically significant differences in the expectations and satisfaction with the Festival segments were determined with regard to the role of the respondent examined. Greater satisfaction was reported by the authors (panel participants), and a lower level of satisfaction was observed among visitors to the Festival. Based on a large number of media releases and live streamings, the Festival can be seen as a highly successful promotional product where the culture in the European Union was presented to Chinese visitors. The tested research methodology for researching international festivals can be used by future researchers of festival phenomena for developing an instrument for measuring success of a festival from a multiple stakeholder perspective. The efforts of this research study are ultimately aimed at a systematic increase in the quality of festivals, ensuring continued funding, and laying the groundwork for related festivals funded by the EU Delegation to China.
Cultural events and festivals contribute to the recognition of the organisers, places and creative workers. Festivals are events that take place on a regular basis, are dedicated to a specific topic or group of stakeholders and aimed at attracting visitors. Measuring the success of a festival is a multidimensional construct because it is built by the views of the audience, exhibitors, media, financiers, associates and the organisers themselves. This scientific book was created driven by the desire to establish a methodology for measuring the satisfaction with EU-China festivals. This scientific book contributes to the study of the specifics of international festivals aimed at the publishing sector and analyses the 2nd EU-China International Literary Festival held in 2018 in the Chinese cities of Shanghai and Suzhou. The EU-China Literary Festival is conceived as the interaction of European and Chinese authors with Chinese audiences and the promotion of European culture in Chinese metropolises. The EU-China International Literary Festival is held twice a year in China, and a number of events bring together Chinese and European Union authors. The Festival programme is aimed at Chinese audiences, and events take place in two Chinese cities. The aim of the scientific book is to present the process of developing a research methodology for measuring the success of international festivals, establish preconditions for a broader application of the established and tested methodology, and to ask the audience and experts whether the Festival has achieved its goal, mission, and vision. The research methodology measures the views of three groups of stakeholders of The EU-China International Literary Festival (n = 72): Chinese Festival visitors and two groups of authors representing experts for the Festival under consideration (i.e. European and Chinese authors). As the audience was able to follow the Festival at the venue (n = 2,305) or online (n = 110,710), views on the Festival were collected from members of all aforementioned groups, they were analysed and guidelines and recommendations for raising the quality/success of the Festival were developed. The proposed methodology represents a useful material for future researchers of festival phenomena in developing a multidimensional instrument to measure the success of a festival. By applying the proposed methodology, researchers are able to find out the views of the authors (exhibitors), the audience and the organisers of the Festival on the festival dimensions. This makes an additional contribution to the promotion and popularisation of EU literature and authors, the chosen theme of the Festival, the group of stakeholders, and encourages cross- cultural cooperation.
Festival and Event Tourism Impacts provides a comprehensive review and analysis of the multi-faceted impacts that festival and events have on a host community, whether positive or negative, and offers recommendations for communities for the successful management of this kind of tourism. Opening chapters define festival and event tourism impact concepts utilized in the field and their evolution throughout the years, followed by an exploration of the current issues facing communities. The second part discusses sustainability and environmental issues that affect destinations and communities as a result of festival and event impacts. Subsequent chapters outline further impacts and finally address cutting-edge event tourism development and impact management strategies and considerations such as innovative management approaches, sustainability, and social responsibility, for example, and identify future trends and issues within a multidisciplinary global perspective. A variety of geographical locations are exemplified throughout as well as a range of diverse event types including the Formula One Grand Prix in Monaco, Pope Francis’ visit to Mauritius in 2019, and the 29th Summer Universiade in Taiwan, among many others. Drawing on the knowledge and expertise of highly regarded academics from around the world, this will be of great interest to all upper-level students and researchers in Tourism, Hospitality, Events, and related fields.
It is an unconditional reality that the tourism industry in Asia is becoming exposed to innovative technologies more than ever before. This book reports the latest research in the application of innovative technology to the tourism industry, covering the perspectives, innovativeness, theories, issues, complexities, opportunities and challenges affecting tourism in Asia. A blend of comprehensive and extensive efforts by the contributors and editors, it is designed especially to cover technology applications in tourism fairs, festivals and events in Asia. The application and practice of technologies in tourism, including the relevant niches of fairs, festivals and events are also covered, with a focus on the importance of technology in tourism. This book highlights, in a comprehensive manner, technologies that are impacting the tourism industry in Asia, as well as the constraints it is facing. It deals with distinct topics, such as tourism promotion, technology-driven sustainable tourism development, social media, accessibility and so on to cover fairs, festivals and events. This book is a significant contribution towards the very limited knowledge in this identified research area, with examples from selected Asian countries. This book is designed to accommodate both qualitative and quantitative research linking theory and practice. This book has a clear focus on outlining the research issues. Each chapter of the book highlights a methodology that was used, with rationale for its use. This book addresses a number of revisions that unify the theme or framework to integrate the chapters.
This book is the first anthology of research devoted to the booming world of Chinese film festivals, covering both mainstream and independent films. It also explores festivals in the Chinese-speaking world and festivals of Chinese films in the rest of the world. The book asks how Chinese film festivals function as sites of translation, translating Chinese culture to the world and world culture to Chinese-speaking audiences, and also how the international film festival model is being transformed as it is translated into the Chinese-speaking world.
Festival and Events Management: an international perspective is a unique text looking at the central role of events management in the cultural, tourism and arts industries. With international contributions from industry and academia, the text looks at the following: * Events & cultural environments * Managing the arts & leisure experience * Marketing, policies and strategies of art and leisure management Chapters include exercises, and additional teaching materials and solutions to questions are provided as part of an accompanying online resource.
This book aims at renewing the attention on a niche field, Cultural Festivals, so important for valorizing cultural traditions and local heritage visibility as well as social well-being. Following the disruptive consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, this fragile sector deserves more attention from public authorities and stakeholders at national and European levels with a suitable and dedicated plan of recovery and valorization. This book provides a comparative analysis of Cultural Festivals in Europe, taking insights from an international range of high-level scholarly contributors. Individual chapters highlight and analyse challenges around the organisation, management and economics of Cultural Festivals. As a whole, the book provides a comprehensive overview of scholarly research in this area, setting the scene for the future research agenda. Matters related to educational programs and new audience development, as well as challenges related to digitalization, are also included. The book employs a tradition versus innovation lens to help readers account for the consequences of the digital revolution, new audience development and an educational agenda. The result is a book which will be valuable reading for researchers, academics and students in the fields of event and cultural management and beyond. Chapters 4 and 9 of this book are available for free in PDF format as Open Access from the individual product page at www.routledge.com. They have been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.