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As a part of the research program designed to solve the nutritional problems of astronauts during extended explorations of space, the following experiments were conducted. Cell wall substances in the alga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa 71105 and the fungus, Linderina pennispora NRRL 2237 have been identified and localized by means of standard cytochemical techniques. Pectic material in the primary lamella and cellulose in the secondary lamella have been found in the wall of C. pyrenoidosa. The walls of the cells of L. pennispora are chitinous, with no indication of the presence of cellulose at any stage of development. The pectic material in the wall of the alga is in the form of a pectic-protein comples and the chitin in the walls of the fungal cells is in the form of a chitin-protein complex. The wall of C. pyrenoidosa reacts positively to an enzyme mixture of pectinase and cellulase and the walls of L. pennispora react similarly to chitinase. These identifications and reactions to enzymes can be used in the effort to bring about total assimilation of cell wall substances if these algal and fungal cells should be chosen as food materials in meeting the nutritional requirements of the space program.
This book contains a compilation of papers presented at the II International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2007) held in Seville, Spain on 28 November - 1 December 2007, where over 550 researchers from about 60 countries attended and presented their cutting-edge research. The main goals of this book are to: (1) identify new approaches and research opportunities in applied microbiology, presenting works that link microbiology with research areas usually related to other scientific and engineering disciplines; and (2) communicate current research priorities and progress in the field. The contents of this book mirror this focus.Microbiologists interested in environmental, industrial and applied microbiology and, in general, scientists whose research fields are related to applied microbiology can find an overview of the current state of the art in the topic. In addition to the more general topic, some chapters are devoted to specific branches of microbiology research, such as bioremediation; biosurfactants; microbial factories; biotechnologically relevant enzymes and proteins; microbial physiology, metabolism and gene expression; and future bioindustries.
This book aims to disseminate the most current research in applied microbiology presented at the III International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2009) held in Lisbon, Portugal, in December 2009.This volume offers an inviting exploration of microbiology from scientific and industrial research to consumer products in a compilation of more than 150 papers written by leading experts in the field, who afford critical insights into several topics, review current research and discuss future directions to stimulate further discussions. This book also serves as an update on the most important current microbial research, by providing a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge topics in a single volume, where readers can also gain insights into how microbiology can solve problems in everyday settings.Although largely intended for microbiologists interested in knowing the latest developments in agriculture, environmental, food, industrial, medical and pharmaceutical microbiology and microbial biotechnology, this book is also a great source of reference for scientists and researchers involved in advancements in applied microbiology.
This book provides comprehensive, up-to-date descriptions of cellular aspects of interactions between plants and microorganisms, including lichens, and also covers infections by viruses, trypanosomes and nematodes. The detailed reviews are accompanied by nearly 250 appropriate micrographs. Topics covered include: techniques that may be of use in studying plant infections such as colloidal gold cytochemistry, in situ hybridization, histochemical detection of polyphenols, cytodetection of pathogens, monoclonal antibodies and image analysis; host aggression by bacteria, fungi and nematodes with emphasis on adhesion, penetration and plant cell modifications; defense mechanisms of infected plants, including trees, cytolocalization of molecules involved in host resistance, plant responses to parasites or symbiotic microorganisms. Comparisons are also given between pathogenic interactions and mutualistic associations. Audience: An invaluable source of information and references for research scientists and students interested not only in plant-microbe interactions but also in cell biology in general.