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As platforms for sharing, re-using and storing data, research data repositories are integral to open science policy. This book provides a comprehensive approach to these data repositories, their functionalities, uses, issues and prospects. Taking France as an example, the current landscape of data repositories is considered, including discussion of the idea of a national repository and a comparative study of several national systems. The international re3data directory is outlined and a collection of six case studies of model repositories, both public and private, are detailed (CDS, Data INRAE, SEANOE, Nakala, Figshare and Data Mendeley). Research Data Sharing and Valorization also includes appendices containing a number of websites and reference texts from the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, and the CNRS. To the authors’ knowledge, it is the first book to be entirely devoted to these new platforms and is aimed at researchers, teachers, students and professionals working with scientific and technical data and information.
This book explores how the technical upheavals of the 21st century have changed the structures and architecture of the creation, sharing and regulation of knowledge. From the new economic and technical models of production and dissemination of knowledge, the book deals with all new forms of valorisation. It also explains how the legislative deficit in the world and in Europe, around digital is being filled by new initiatives, such as the law for a Digital Republic, in France. It is therefore a book that provides a valuable follow-up to the book "The New Challenges of Knowledge", of which it constitutes the continuation and operational deepening.
The book 'Science: The Corner Curiosity' targets researchers and scientists worldwide. The book covers classical, conventional, and emergent topics including science's history from ancient times to the present. It covers various scientific topics, knowledge development, scientific research, the scientific community, science and society, and science philosophy. It exhibits post-scientific revolution politics, antiscience movements, metascience, discoveries, innovations, psychology and sociology of science, scientific methodology, and scientometrics. These topics are for prospective researchers and project fellows seeking advanced degrees in science. Science communication, literature, journalism, and revolution are also covered in this book. The author thanks his colleagues and contemporaries for their helpful advice, timely comments, and relevant perspectives. Researchers worldwide will find this work comprehensive and useful. The author is grateful to 'The Almighty Living God (The Supernatural Energy of The Third World)' for helping him in creating this work. May scientists globally get deep understanding in all fields !
The multidisciplinary book assesses the legal and economic uncertainties surrounding the collection, storage, provision and economic development of biological samples (tumors, tissues, cells) and associated personal data related to oncology. Public, partly public and private sector actors in the field of cancer care and research hold collections supported by significant public and social funding. Under certain conditions, particularly in the context of networking (sometimes promoted by public authorities), these collections can also represent major economic assets and scientific resources. However, this involves a number of issues and institutional constraints: legal: the will of the source person; non-pecuniary damage; freedom to establish collections; competence in deciding on their use; legal frameworks for their distribution; desire for return on investment for public institutions, notably in terms of industrial and intellectual property. economic: cost of establishing and running biological resource centres; destroying resources; emerging markets; profit sharing. public health policy choices: prioritisation of therapeutic measures over research (fundamental or clinical trials); conservation of resources; promotion of scientific (and not commercial) value of collections. The establishment, heritage recognition (“patrimonialisation”), development and sharing of these resources thus merit our calling into question present practices and their evolution, as well as the leverage available to public authorities (incentives, legislation, regulation) in a context where norms emerge from professional practice to become widely used in collaborative networks. Filling a gap in the current literature on law and economics, which pays little heed to these specific considerations, this book explores these considerations to bring to light the economic implications of ethical choices and governance issues in the health sector (structural organisation of local, national and European actors in oncology). It is intended for researchers in fields such as law, economics and biomedical sciences, as well as for public policymakers.
Invasive alien species are non-indigenous taxa introduced to areas beyond their natural distribution and bio-geographical barriers by human activity, with important impacts on biodiversity, human health and ecosystem services. With the human population being higher than ever before and increasing, together with unprecedented rates of mobility of humans and goods, the introduction of new invasive species is more common than ever and is at the forefront of research in many disciplines such as ecology, epidemiology and food security. The mechanisms of successful introduction, establishment and spread of invasive alien species are highly complex as biological, social, geographic, economic and climatic factors influence the way an invasive species is introduced and determine the options available for its eventual detection and control. With the rapid development of smart sensors, social networks, digital maps and remotely-sensed imagery, spatio-temporal data are more ubiquitous and richer than ever before. The availability of such large datasets (Big data) poses great challenges in data analysis. In addition, increased availability of computing power facilitates the use of computationally-intensive methods for the analysis of such data. Thus new methods are needed to efficiently study and understand biological invasions. A Research Topic held in Frontiers Environmental Informatics aimed to address this topic. Methods are defined in the widest terms and may be analytical, practical or conceptual. Among others, a key aim of the thematic was to maximize the use of the proposed methods/techniques by the scientific community and environmental stakeholders.
Dryland ecosystems support a surprising amount of biodiversity; desertification, however, is a significant land degradation problem in the arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid regions of the world. The situation is likely to worsen with high population growth rates and accompanying land-use conflicts. The contributions to this publication, an international scientific conference held under the leadership of UNESCO, address these issues and offer practical solutions for combating desertification along with conserving and sustainably managing dryland ecosystems. This volume documents how improved understanding of drylands provides insight into the health and future prospects of these ecosystems that should help ensure that dryland communities enjoy a sustainable future.--Publisher's description.
This book adds a new dimension to the sustainability assessment of food waste reduction and valorisation: policy analysis. Featuring a transdisciplinary analysis by key experts in the field, it identifies the drivers of change in food-waste reduction and valorisation technologies by looking, for example, at the regulatory framework and at policy actions undertaken by local and global actors. The book explores the development of regulations and policies for food-waste prevention, management, and valorisation at a global as well as European Union level. It also discusses the notion of food waste in legal terms and investigates the effects of the lack of a standard, universal definition of food waste on the efficient use of by-products, promising processes and products for technological and commercial exploitation. Utilising mathematical mapping methods to assess food consumption impacts and providing supply chain models that allow the testing of consumption scenarios, the book goes on to discuss a series of emerging technologies (tested at lab scale and/ or pilot scale) and opportunities for the valorisation of food waste.
Complete guidance for mastering the tools and techniques of the digital revolution With the digital revolution opening up tremendous opportunities in many fields, there is a growing need for skilled professionals who can develop data-intensive systems and extract information and knowledge from them. This book frames for the first time a new systematic approach for tackling the challenges of data-intensive computing, providing decision makers and technical experts alike with practical tools for dealing with our exploding data collections. Emphasizing data-intensive thinking and interdisciplinary collaboration, The Data Bonanza: Improving Knowledge Discovery in Science, Engineering, and Business examines the essential components of knowledge discovery, surveys many of the current research efforts worldwide, and points to new areas for innovation. Complete with a wealth of examples and DISPEL-based methods demonstrating how to gain more from data in real-world systems, the book: Outlines the concepts and rationale for implementing data-intensive computing in organizations Covers from the ground up problem-solving strategies for data analysis in a data-rich world Introduces techniques for data-intensive engineering using the Data-Intensive Systems Process Engineering Language DISPEL Features in-depth case studies in customer relations, environmental hazards, seismology, and more Showcases successful applications in areas ranging from astronomy and the humanities to transport engineering Includes sample program snippets throughout the text as well as additional materials on a companion website The Data Bonanza is a must-have guide for information strategists, data analysts, and engineers in business, research, and government, and for anyone wishing to be on the cutting edge of data mining, machine learning, databases, distributed systems, or large-scale computing.
This book covers computationally innovative methods and technologies including data collection and elicitation, data processing, data analysis, data visualizations, and data presentation. It explores how digital humanists have harnessed the hypersociality and social technologies, benefited from the open-source sharing not only of data but of code, and made technological capabilities a critical part of humanities work. Chapters are written by researchers from around the world, bringing perspectives from diverse fields and subject areas. The respective authors describe their work, their research, and their learning. Topics include semantic web for cultural heritage valorization, machine learning for parody detection by classification, psychological text analysis, crowdsourcing imagery coding in natural disasters, and creating inheritable digital codebooks.Designed for researchers and academics, this book is suitable for those interested in methodologies and analytics that can be applied in literature, history, philosophy, linguistics, and related disciplines. Professionals such as librarians, archivists, and historians will also find the content informative and instructive.