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The World Food Programme (WFP) supports communities to mitigate the impact of and build resilience to natural and human-made shocks and stressors that contribute to food insecurity and destabilize people’s livelihoods. WFP’s interventions, therefore, aim to equip communities with the knowledge, skills, and tools to avert or mitigate the impact of cyclical natural events such as droughts and floods through asset and capacity building in affected communities. In the Sahelian areas of Burkina Faso and Niger (as part of a broader regional program also covering Chad, Mali, and Mauritania), WFP promotes climate-resilient agricultural infrastructure and systems to help address issues of land degradation, deforestation, dwindling pasturelands, and depletion of water sources, which all trigger competition for productive resources and migration of people and livestock into better-resourced areas. The interventions also aim to address the impacts of violent conflict from within and outside communities in the Sahelian belt of the two countries, especially those related to extremist groups operating in the area. Though primarily designed to increase community assets for productive purposes, WFP’s support for the rehabilitation of lands, construction of water-harvesting and retention structures, reforestation and protection of farmlands and pastures, and soil fertility improvement interventions also aims to increase the availability of, reduce intergroup competition for, and ensure equitable access to these resources. In this way, WFP hopes to reduce conflicts over community resources. The use of participatory and collaborative processes for mobilizing and engaging communities should also contribute to increased dialogue within and between different communities and promote peaceful coexistence among the different groups. In particular, the requirement of collaborative approaches to development of communal assets is intended to create spaces of encounter and dialogue that could ease tensions, promote equity in the distribution and use of the created assets, and build relationships among various stakeholders and community groups to ensure that actions for resilience building have the support of government, development partners, and other decision-makers at several administrative levels.
Marketing: Essential principles, new realities has been researched, developed and written primarily with the undergraduate and diploma-level student in mind. This student-oriented text, with its relaxed and free flowing language, provides the reader with material of a rigorous academic standard. Each chapter follows a set structure that has been designed to encourage discussion and raise issues for consideration and research:introduction;learning objectives;chapter sub headings - key issues;chapter summary;exercises and questions for review and critical thinking.At the end of the book there are additional notes and references to support student learning.Written by authors from both an academic and practitioner background, this new textbook offers an excellent introduction to the subject for the next generation of marketers and business people.FREE CD ROM FOR LECTURERSThe authors have created a unique CD ROM containing both lecture presentation slides and essay questions. This is available on request from the publisher.CONTENTSIntroductionWhat is marketing?The business and marketing environmentEthical marketing and social responsibilityBuyer behaviourSegmenting, positioning and targetingMarketing researchMarketing and strategyProducts and brandsPrice and pricing strategiesPromotion part 1Promotion part 2People, physical evidence and processPlacement, distribution and logisticsMarketing across borders: the international dimensionApplication: bringing the elements togetherNotesReferenceIndexPlease view more information on this book, including a sample chapter and detailed, full contents at http://www.kogan-page.co.uk/groucutt