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Land Condition Trend Analysis (LCTA) bird database documentation capabilities often are limited to the generation of installation-wide species checklists, estimates of relative abundance, and evidence of breeding activity. The conservation and characterization of biological diversity is becoming a management objective of both governmental and private organizations, and as such, more ecologically descriptive summaries are being required. Ecological guild analyses have been proposed as a means to link wildlife to a specific biodiversity component, and thus represents an option to military trainers in evaluating impacts to wildlife communities. This report documents an LCTA database update that provides selected ecological attributes (particularly for the nesting season) for 676 bird species occurring within the continental United States. This database upgrade provides land managers the capability to: (1) generate ecological guild-based summaries with no additional fieldwork, (2) identify specific groups of birds most likely to be impacted by a spatially discrete training impact, (3) customize the local database by adjusting individual attributes for species specific to the installation, and (4) conveniently cross reference or simply convert all LCTA species codes to more globally recognized American Ornithological Union "AOU numbers" or the Bird Banding Laboratories "Alpha codes."
Army policies and Department of Defense (DOD) pollution-prevention procedures require cleanup of spills of any size or volume. Army vehicle maintenance shops typically use drip pans and absorbing materials, mostly clay-based compounds, to clean up spills. The use of absorbents (sorbents) to clean spills is the preferred alternative by DOD and Army installations. The U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) conducted this study to evaluate and summarize the properties of the many commercially available absorbing materials. This study concludes that no single solution exists to control oil drips and clean up small oil spills at Army motor pools. Most installations require a combination of drip pans, sorption pads, and sorbing loose material. The study further found that: 1. While election of sorbents is specific to installation and application, in general, cellulose products are the best choice, followed by synthetic products. 2. Disposal of the saturated sorbents is a critical factor in selecting sorbents. Regulatory requirements and cost are key elements in deciding disposal procedures. 3. Training is required for all Army staff on characteristics of different products and their applications to avoid wrong applications that may result in environmental problems.
Growth in the field of landscape ecology has included the development of methods and results that can be applied to an impressive range of environmental issues. This book addresses a broad spectrum of political, theoretical and applied aspects that often arise in the design and execution of landscape studies. The concepts of geographical scale and hierarchy arising within the confines of landscape ecology are examined, and a series of techniques are presented to address problems in spatial and temporal analysis. This book will provide the reader with a current perspective on this rapidly evolving science.