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Organized to serve as a ready reference, this book covers the design & principles of operation of microwave electron linear accelerators for the radiation treatment of cancer. Designed for use by persons without extensive knowledge & experience of accelerator technology, the book assumes a knowledge of elementary physics & mathematics & places its emphasis on how accelerators actually function & how they are used in cancer treatment. Coverage includes the history of development & application, general theory of acceleration, accelerator systems, radiation beam systems & associated equipment, performance characteristics, testing & use. The major modules of a representative medical accelerator are described, including principles of operation & how these models function collectively to produce electron & X-ray beams for radiotherapy.
Linear Accelerators for Radiation Therapy, Second Edition focuses on the fundamentals of accelerator systems, explaining the underlying physics and the different features of these systems. This edition includes expanded sections on the treatment head, on x-ray production via multileaf and dynamic collimation for the production of wedged and other i
Electron linear accelerators are being used throughout the world in increasing numbers in a variety of important applications. Foremost among these is their role in the treatment of cancer. Commercial uses include non-destructive testing by radiography, food preservation, product sterilization and radiation processing of materials such as plastics and adhesives. Scientific applications include investigations in radiation biology, radiation chemistry, nuclear and elementary particle physics and radiation research. This manual provides authoritative guidance in radiation protection for this important category of radiation sources.
For medical accelerators operating above about 10 MeV, there is an unavoidable production of photoneutrons which add to the head leakage. The yield of photoneutrons produced by electron beams incident on thick targets has been calculated and found to increase rapidly with primary electron energy up to approximately 25 MeV, and more slowly thereafter. Dividing the neutron fluence for W (or Pb) by the photon absorbed dose for the same conditions gives the ratio plotted. This ratio, representing the maximum achievable with practical materials, becomes nearly constant above about 25 MeV incident electron energy where its value is about 2.1 x 105 neutrons cm−2 rad−1. Measurements that fall significantly below the curve are likely due to photon absorption in components that are not high-Z materials, or measurements made with the moveable jaws open. Points that fall significantly above probably mean there is substantial loss of electron beam elsewhere than the intended target.