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In the context of global climate change, the sustainability approach takes a holistic view of development through preservation of nature during the course of socioeconomic and human development. Reproductive health functions as an integral component of human development, enabling 'continuity' of human species through successful 'reproductive processes'. Prior studies on reproductive health are restricted to determinants such as fertility, family size, and infant mortality with limited focus on developing a holistic or comprehensive explanation of reproductive health. Although social and economic factors have been identified as reproductive health factor in prior studies, ecological component has been overlooked historically in understanding reproductive health. The present study takes a sustainability approach to reproductive health and examines its relationship with socioeconomic and ecological correlates. Theoretical model of the present study is built on the concept of sustainability, ecosystem perspective, and Sen's (1992) 'capability approach to health' which explain the aggregate effects of economic, social, and ecological factors on the reproductive health of tribal populations in India. The proposed framework suggests that the state of reproductive health reflects the aggregate effect of economic and social opportunities and ecological resources available for tribal women mediated through their level of power. Against the backdrop of environmental deterioration, this study focuses on the extent to which the changes in tribal habitat influence tribal women's power and reproductive health of tribal women. The data are from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) conducted in 2005-06. Structural equation analysis is used to analyze the data. It is found that social and ecological factors are more influential than economic and power factor in determining tribal women's reproductive health outcomes. Overall, the results of the study partially support the proposed model. Implications for social work practice, policy, and research are discussed. The model proposed in this study can be utilized in understanding the reproductive health experiences of marginal populations in developing nations.
INTRODUCTION 1.1. Tribals in India The Tribal population of India (84.3 million) was larger than that of any other country in the world. In fact, it was almost equal to the Tribal population of nineteen countries with a substantial Tribal population during 2011. Myanmar, with a Tribal population of 14 million, was the second-largest the Tribal population. The Tribal population of India was more than four times that of Myanmar and more than six times of Mexico (10.9 million) which has the third-largest Tribal population in the world.
Study with reference to Churāchāndpur District in Manipur, India.
Within the scholarly fields of demography, development studies, medical anthropology and public policy, the history of reproduction has been dominated by preconceived and often a-historical ideas about India s supposed long-term trend towards over-population. When these scholarly fields have invoked histories of fertility and contraception, these histories have largely been made to serve as the pre-modern antithesis to a fully modern future. In contrast, this volume brings together historians to tackle the complex questions of reproduction in modern India. Taken together, these essays interrogate the very idea that reproduction is simply a linch-pin for effecting other social and economic transformations. Instead, these histories map out and ask questions of the institutions, discourses and practices by which women's reproductive health came to hold meaning and play strategic roles in the multiple and at times competing agendas such as social reform, the medical sciences, cultural nationalism, and colonial public health.
Contributed papers.
In the Indian context.
In This Book, Socio-Cultural Dimensions Of Reproductive Health Have Been Critically Analysed. Eminent Social Scientists And Demographers Of India Have Contributed Empirical Articles On Various Issues Of Reproductive Health Of Women.
Study conducted at fifteen villages of Chikhaldara Block of Amravati District in Maharashtra, India.