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CETTE THESE PRESENTE UNE NOUVELLE APPROCHE POUR LA REPRESENTATION DES SYSTEMES DYNAMIQUES HYBRIDES COMPLEXES, I.E. DES SYSTEMES A DYNAMIQUE CONTINUE ET DISCRETE COMPOSES DE NOMBREUSES ENTITES EN INTERACTION, AINSI QU'UN OUTIL POUR LA MANIPULATION DES MODELES ET LEUR SIMULATION. CETTE APPROCHE EST BASEE SUR UN FORMALISME A FLUX DE DONNEES POUR LA REPRESENTATION MODULAIRE DE CES SYSTEMES. L'IDEE PRINCIPALE EST DE DEFINIR UN FORMALISME DE DESCRIPTION MODULAIRE ET DECLARATIF, PLUTOT QU'UN LANGAGE DE SIMULATION IMPERATIF BASE SUR DES INSTRUCTIONS INFORMATIQUES. CE FORMALISME EST BASE SUR L'INTERACTION DE BLOCS DE MODELE DEFINIS PAR UN ENSEMBLE DE RELATIONS ET DE SIGNAUX A-CAUSAUX QUI PERMETTENT DE DECRIRE UNE DYNAMIQUE HYBRIDE. LA COMPLEXITE DU SYSTEME EST AINSI DIVISEE EN PLUSIEURS ENTITES PLUS PETITES ET PLUS SIMPLES QUI PEUVENT ETRE CONSTRUITES, MODIFIEES OU REUTILISEES INDEPENDAMMENT. NOTRE PRINCIPALE CONTRIBUTION A ETE DE FORMALISER UN MOYEN EFFICACE DE REPRESENTER CES BLOCS DE MODELE ET LEURS INTERACTIONS. NOUS AVONS PRINCIPALEMENT UTILISE CETTE APPROCHE POUR LA SIMULATION DU COMPORTEMENT DU SYSTEME EN BOUCLE FERMEE, I.E. DU PROCEDE AVEC SON SYSTEME DE COMMANDE, DE FACON A REPONDRE A DE NOUVEAUX BESOINS COMME PAR EXEMPLE LA VALIDATION DU LOGICIEL DE COMMANDE. NOUS AVONS ENSUITE MIS EN UVRE UNE PROCEDURE DE COMPILATION DU MODELE SOUS UNE FORME ADAPTEE A LA SIMULATION NUMERIQUE, EN ANALYSANT SYMBOLIQUEMENT LA STRUCTURE CAUSALE DU MODELE, ET EN GENERANT DES MODELES LOCAUX POUR CHAQUE CONFIGURATION DU SYSTEME PHYSIQUE. ENFIN, DES METHODES NUMERIQUES DE SIMULATION DES SYSTEMES DYNAMIQUES HYBRIDES ONT EGALEMENT ETE MISES EN UVRE. AFIN D'ILLUSTRER SES CAPACITES DE MODELISATION ET DE SIMULATION, L'OUTIL A ETE VALIDE SUR DIFFERENTS
From 12 to 14 September 2002, the Academy of Humanities and Economics (AHE) hosted the workshop "Optimization and Inverse Problems in Electromagnetism". After this bi-annual event, a large number of papers were assembled and combined in this book. During the workshop recent developments and applications in optimization and inverse methodologies for electromagnetic fields were discussed. The contributions selected for the present volume cover a wide spectrum of inverse and optimal electromagnetic methodologies, ranging from theoretical to practical applications. A number of new optimal and inverse methodologies were proposed. There are contributions related to dedicated software. Optimization and Inverse Problems in Electromagnetism consists of three thematic chapters, covering: -General papers (survey of specific aspects of optimization and inverse problems in electromagnetism), -Methodologies, -Industrial Applications. The book can be useful to students of electrical and electronics engineering, computer science, applied mathematics (PhD level) and to researchers interested in the topic.
From the fan motor in your PC to precision control of aircraft, electrical machines of all sizes, varieties, and levels of complexity permeate our world. Some are very simple, while others require exacting and application-specific design. Electrical Machine Analysis Using Finite Elements provides the tools necessary for the analysis and design of any type of electrical machine by integrating mathematical/numerical techniques with analytical and design methodologies. Building successively from simple to complex analyses, this book leads you step-by-step through the procedures and illustrates their implementation with examples of both traditional and innovative machines. Although the examples are of specific devices, they demonstrate how the procedures apply to any type of electrical machine, introducing a preliminary theory followed by various considerations for the unique circumstance. The author presents the mathematical background underlying the analysis, but emphasizes application of the techniques, common strategies, and obtained results. He also supplies codes for simple algorithms and reveals analytical methodologies that universally apply to any software program. With step-by-step coverage of the fundamentals and common procedures, Electrical Machine Analysis Using Finite Elements offers a superior analytical framework that allows you to adapt to any electrical machine, to any software platform, and to any specific requirements that you may encounter.
The publication provides guidance principles for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) databases; this includes how to collect raw data, how to develop datasets and how to manage databases. It also addresses questions concerning data documentation and review, coordination among databases, capacity building and future scenarios. LCA databases provide fundamental energy, materials, land, water consumption data and emissions data into water, air and soil for a wide range of processes, products and materials. In this way the publication provides the bridge between the data users and the data providers, making basic information easily accessible for computing the environmental footprints of materials and products that are key to make and judge green claims and to allow institutional and individual consumers to make informed consumption choices.
This book offers a detailed presentation of the principles and practice of life cycle impact assessment. As a volume of the LCA compendium, the book is structured according to the LCIA framework developed by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)passing through the phases of definition or selection of impact categories, category indicators and characterisation models (Classification): calculation of category indicator results (Characterisation); calculating the magnitude of category indicator results relative to reference information (Normalisation); and converting indicator results of different impact categories by using numerical factors based on value-choices (Weighting). Chapter one offers a historical overview of the development of life cycle impact assessment and presents the boundary conditions and the general principles and constraints of characterisation modelling in LCA. The second chapter outlines the considerations underlying the selection of impact categories and the classification or assignment of inventory flows into these categories. Chapters three through thirteen exploreall the impact categories that are commonly included in LCIA, discussing the characteristics of each followed by a review of midpoint and endpoint characterisation methods, metrics, uncertainties and new developments, and a discussion of research needs. Chapter-length treatment is accorded to Climate Change; Stratospheric Ozone Depletion; Human Toxicity; Particulate Matter Formation; Photochemical Ozone Formation; Ecotoxicity; Acidification; Eutrophication; Land Use; Water Use; and Abiotic Resource Use. The final two chapters map out the optional LCIA steps of Normalisation and Weighting.
This in-depth study of the economics of urbanization and development explores the key characteristics of urban-rural patterns of production and consumption in developing countries--particularly Brazil, China, and India--as well as government policies affecting urbanization. Drawing on awealth of theoretical and empirical research, Henderson investigates rural-urban migration, changes in the production patterns in cities, the drain of skilled workers from small towns, individual city restrictions on growth and entry, and other phenomena.
Whereas Volume 1 introduced the NetLogo platform as a means of prototyping simple models, this second volume focuses on the advanced use of NetLogo to connect both data and theories, making it ideal for the majority of scientific communities. The authors focus on agent-based modeling of spatialized phenomena with a methodological and practical orientation, demonstrating how advanced agent-based spatial simulation methods and technics can be implemented. This book provides theoretical and conceptual backgrounds, as well as algorithmic and technical insights, including code and applets, so that readers can test and re-use most of its content. - Illustrates advanced concepts and methods in agent-based spatial simulation - Features practical examples developed, and commented on, in a unique platform - Provides theoretical and conceptual backgrounds, as well as algorithmic and technical insights, including code and applets, so that readers can test and re-use most of its content
This book provides insight into the Life Cycle Management (LCM) concept and the progress in its implementation. LCM is a management concept applied in industrial and service sectors to improve products and services, while enhancing the overall sustainability performance of business and its value chains. In this regard, LCM is an opportunity to differentiate through sustainability performance on the market place, working with all departments of a company such as research and development, procurement and marketing, and to enhance the collaboration with stakeholders along a company’s value chain. LCM is used beyond short-term business success and aims at long-term achievements by minimizing environmental and socio-economic burden, while maximizing economic and social value.