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Excerpt from Forest Policies and Forest Management in Germany and British India The conditions which a hundred years ago in uenced the policies of the European nations namely, the necessity of looking out for continuance of domestic supplies - are at present well overcome, provided the supplies in other countries last and can readily be secured. In regard to supplies, the European countries may be grouped into those which produce as yet more than they need, namely: Russia, austria-hungary, Servia, Sweden and Norway, which are, therefore, exporters; those which produce large quantities of forest products, but not sufficient for their needs, Germany, France, Switzerland; those which depend largely or almost entirely on importation, England, Belgium, Holland, Denmark, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Turkey. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works."
What we now know of as environmentalism began with the establishment of the first empire forest in 1855 in British India, and during the second half of the nineteenth century, over ten per cent of the land surface of the earth became protected as a public trust. Sprawling forest reservations, many of them larger than modern nations, became revenue-producing forests that protected the whole 'household of nature', and Rudyard Kipling and Theodore Roosevelt were among those who celebrated a new class of government foresters as public heroes. Imperial foresters warned of impending catastrophe, desertification and global climate change if the reverse process of deforestation continued. The empire forestry movement spread through India, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and then the United States to other parts of the globe, and Gregory Barton's study looks at the origins of environmentalism in a global perspective.