Download Free Report To The The Western Sanitary Commission December 17th 1863 Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online Report To The The Western Sanitary Commission December 17th 1863 and write the review.

In this previously untold story of African American self-education, Heather Andrea Williams moves across time to examine African Americans' relationship to literacy during slavery, during the Civil War, and in the first decades of freedom. Self-Taught traces the historical antecedents to freedpeople's intense desire to become literate and demonstrates how the visions of enslaved African Americans emerged into plans and action once slavery ended. Enslaved people, Williams contends, placed great value in the practical power of literacy, whether it was to enable them to read the Bible for themselves or to keep informed of the abolition movement and later the progress of the Civil War. Some slaves devised creative and subversive means to acquire literacy, and when slavery ended, they became the first teachers of other freedpeople. Soon overwhelmed by the demands for education, they called on northern missionaries to come to their aid. Williams argues that by teaching, building schools, supporting teachers, resisting violence, and claiming education as a civil right, African Americans transformed the face of education in the South to the great benefit of both black and white southerners.
A plan, for use in the San Diego schools, is outlined for a voluntary, teacher-centered, inservice training program to take place within the school day. This plan would use the many available teacher education films for inservice education, avoiding the additional inconvenience entailed in the planning and staffing of workshops or inservice programs requiring course attendance. These films would form the basis for all inservice education. Each month, the teachers in each department would select an appropriate film for their students to view in the auditorium, while they (the teachers) would be viewing a recent teacher education film chosen from a list of 66 compiled by the secondary instructional committee. The plan would be entirely voluntary, requiring no tests, term papers, or extra-curricular activities, but also offering no artificial incentives such as salary credits. The pilot project is targeted to begin in January, 1968, with one person in each secondary school in the area having been contacted to aid in explaining and promoting the program. This article appeared in sdta bulletin, volume 48, no. 3, December, 1967, P. 9. (aw)
In the years immediately following the Civil War--the formative years for an emerging society of freed African Americans in Mississippi--there was much debate over the general purpose of black schools and who would control them. From Cotton Field to Schoolhouse is the first comprehensive examination of Mississippi's politics and policies of postwar racial education. The primary debate centered on whether schools for African Americans (mostly freedpeople) should seek to develop blacks as citizens, train them to be free but subordinate laborers, or produce some other outcome. African Americans envisioned schools established by and for themselves as a primary means of achieving independence, equality, political empowerment, and some degree of social and economic mobility--in essence, full citizenship. Most northerners assisting freedpeople regarded such expectations as unrealistic and expected African Americans to labor under contract for those who had previously enslaved them and their families. Meanwhile, many white Mississippians objected to any educational opportunities for the former slaves. Christopher Span finds that newly freed slaves made heroic efforts to participate in their own education, but too often the schooling was used to control and redirect the aspirations of the newly freed.